Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Which hormones are involved in bone development?
Growth Hormones. Oestrogen and Testosterone. Thyroid and Parathyroid.
Name the 3 types of muscle.
Smooth muscle. Cardiac Muscle. Skeletal Muscle.
What is smooth muscle?
Not under voluntary control. They are found in walls of digestive system and blood vessels (peristalsis)
What is skeletal muscle?
Under voluntary control, are attached to bones via their tendons and move the skeleton. They are found in trunk
Erythropoietin secreted in kidneys stimulates RBC production where?
Red bone marrow in cancellous bone.
What are axial bones?
Bones found along axial skeleton such as the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage regions.
What are appendicular bones?
The bones which help us move around.
Give examples of long bones.
Fibula and Tibia
Give examples of flat bones.
Skull, Shoulder Blades, Ribs, Sternum
Give examples of short bones.
Carpal and tarsal bones
Give examples of irregular bones.
Vertebrae, kneecaps, pelvis.
Define ossification.
The formation of bone tissue.
What are osteons?
Basic structural units of bone. They are cylindrical weight bearing structures with central canals through which nerves and blood vessels run through.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix. Give instructions to osteoblasts and osteoclasts for remodelling.
What do osteoblasts do?
They create new bone during bone remodelling.
