Adaptation to Extrauterine Life Flashcards
Describe the structure of the umbilical cord.
It contains 2 arteries and one vein surrounded by Wharton’s jelly and encased in the amnion.
What does the Ductus Venosus connect?
Umbilical vein and Inferior Vena Cava. Both carry deoxygenated blood from placenta.
Where is the Foramen Ovale located?
In the septum of the heart. A mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood pass through this.
What does the Ductus Arteriosus connect?
Aorta and Pulmonary Artery. It is a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood that passes through.
What are the stages that occurs after birth?
The Foramen Ovale closes due to 2 processes;
- Cessation of umbilical blood flow which causes cessation of blood flow in Ductus Venosus which decreases the pressure of right atrium.
- Baby takes first breath which inflates the lungs, causing vasodilation of pulmonary vessels, therefore increasing pressure of left atrium,
What happens to the Ductus Venosus and Hypogastric Arteries after birth?
They eventually fibrose and become supporting ligaments.
The surface in Alveolar cells is mostly formed by which 2 types of epithelial cells?
Type 1 which produce lung liquid (most numerous).
Type 2 which produce surfactant.
When should the APGAR score be carried out?
At 1 min and 5 min after birth.
What does the APGAR score measure?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration.
What are the heart rate scores for APGAR?
Absent = 0.
< 100bpm = 1.
> 100bpm = 2.
What are the respiratory scores for APGAR?
Absent = 0
Slow, irregular = 1
Good, or active crying = 2
What are the grimace scores for APGAR?
None = 0
Minimal Grimace = 1
Cough or cry = 2
What are the activity scores for APGAR?
Limp = 0
Some flexion of limbs = 1
Active = 2
What are the appearance scores for APGAR?
Pale, blue = 0
Body pink, extremities blue = 1
Completely pink = 2
What does the umbilical artery do?
It carries metabolic wastes and CO2 from fetus to placenta
