Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
Three functions of the skeleton
- Protection - of vital organs like the heart, lungs and brain.
- Blood cell production - bone marrow makes RBCs.
- Support -I provides a rigid framework that keeps the body upright.
Name any three bones of the axial skeleton
Rib, skull, sternum
Name the biomolecule which is the main component of cartilage
Protein
What are the innominate bones more commonly known as
Pelvis or hip bones
Name one type of synovial joint and one location in the body in which it is found
Ball and socket,
Found at the knee
What structure connects two bones in a joint
Ligament
Two functions of cartilage
Shock absorber,
Protects bone
Name the structure that connects muscles to bones
Tendon
Two functions of compact bone
Strength,
Support
Name the spaces that fills the spaces in spongy bone and two functions
Bone marrow,
Makes (red) blood cells and stores fat
Give three causes of osteoporosis
Hormonal,
Dietary,
Genetic
Two main parts of the appendicular Skelton, to which the limbs are attached
Pectoral girdle (shoulders),
Pelvis (hips)
Three types of bone that make up the foot
Phalanges,
Tarsals,
Metatarsals
What is meant by ‘antagonistic muscle pair’
Two muscles that have opposite effects,
When one contracts another relaxes
Name an antagonistic muscle pair in the human body
Biceps and triceps
Describe how the antagonistic muscle pair, biceps and triceps, work
Biceps contract to bend the arm,
Triceps contract to straighten the arm.
Name two regions in the vertebral column and how many bones are found in each region
Cervical - 7,
Coccygeal - 4
What are intervertebral discs made of and what are their function
Cartilage,
Shock absorber and reduces friction
Name the cells that break down bone
Osteoclasts
Name the cells that build bone
Osteoblasts
Three factors on which the continued renewal of bone depends (only two needed)
Diet, age, exercise,
Name a long bone in the human body
Humerus
Where are the discs in the human backbone
Between the vertebrae
Function of discs in the human backbone
Shock absorber and friction free movement