Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Three functions of the skeleton

A
  1. Protection - of vital organs like the heart, lungs and brain.
  2. Blood cell production - bone marrow makes RBCs.
  3. Support -I provides a rigid framework that keeps the body upright.
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2
Q

Name any three bones of the axial skeleton

A

Rib, skull, sternum

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3
Q

Name the biomolecule which is the main component of cartilage

A

Protein

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4
Q

What are the innominate bones more commonly known as

A

Pelvis or hip bones

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5
Q

Name one type of synovial joint and one location in the body in which it is found

A

Ball and socket,
Found at the knee

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6
Q

What structure connects two bones in a joint

A

Ligament

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7
Q

Two functions of cartilage

A

Shock absorber,
Protects bone

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8
Q

Name the structure that connects muscles to bones

A

Tendon

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9
Q

Two functions of compact bone

A

Strength,
Support

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10
Q

Name the spaces that fills the spaces in spongy bone and two functions

A

Bone marrow,
Makes (red) blood cells and stores fat

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11
Q

Give three causes of osteoporosis

A

Hormonal,
Dietary,
Genetic

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12
Q

Two main parts of the appendicular Skelton, to which the limbs are attached

A

Pectoral girdle (shoulders),
Pelvis (hips)

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13
Q

Three types of bone that make up the foot

A

Phalanges,
Tarsals,
Metatarsals

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14
Q

What is meant by ‘antagonistic muscle pair’

A

Two muscles that have opposite effects,
When one contracts another relaxes

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15
Q

Name an antagonistic muscle pair in the human body

A

Biceps and triceps

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16
Q

Describe how the antagonistic muscle pair, biceps and triceps, work

A

Biceps contract to bend the arm,
Triceps contract to straighten the arm.

17
Q

Name two regions in the vertebral column and how many bones are found in each region

A

Cervical - 7,
Coccygeal - 4

18
Q

What are intervertebral discs made of and what are their function

A

Cartilage,
Shock absorber and reduces friction

19
Q

Name the cells that break down bone

A

Osteoclasts

20
Q

Name the cells that build bone

A

Osteoblasts

21
Q

Three factors on which the continued renewal of bone depends (only two needed)

A

Diet, age, exercise,

22
Q

Name a long bone in the human body

23
Q

Where are the discs in the human backbone

A

Between the vertebrae

24
Q

Function of discs in the human backbone

A

Shock absorber and friction free movement

25
Role of yellow bone marrow
Fat storage, and can convert to red bone marrow
26
Role of red bone marrow
blood cell formation
27
What is meant by the axial skeleton
Vertebrae column, skull and rib cage
28
Function of a tendon
Joins muscle to bone
29
Treatment for osteoporosis
Exercise, hormone replacement therapy for menopausal female, and a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
30
One mineral and one vitamin required for bone growth
M = calcium V = vitamin D
31