Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Three functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1. Protection - of vital organs like the heart, lungs and brain.
2. Blood cell production - bone marrow makes RBCs.
3. Support -I provides a rigid framework that keeps the body upright.

Question 2

Name any three bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 2

Rib, skull, sternum

Question 3

Name the biomolecule which is the main component of cartilage

Answer 3

Protein

Question 4

What are the innominate bones more commonly known as

Answer 4

Pelvis or hip bones

Question 5

Name one type of synovial joint and one location in the body in which it is found

Answer 5

Ball and socket,
Found at the shoulder and the hip

Question 6

What structure connects two bones in a joint

Answer 6

Ligament

Question 7

Two functions of cartilage

Answer 7

Shock absorber,
Protects bone

Question 8

Name the structure that connects muscles to bones

Answer 8

Tendon

Question 9

Two functions of compact bone

Answer 9

Strength,
Support

Question 10

Name the spaces that fills the spaces in spongy bone and two functions

Answer 10

Bone marrow,
Makes (red) blood cells and stores fat

Question 11

Give three causes of osteoporosis

Answer 11

Hormonal,
Dietary,
Genetic

Question 12

Two main parts of the appendicular Skelton, to which the limbs are attached

Answer 12

Pectoral girdle (shoulders),
Pelvis (hips)

Question 13

Three types of bone that make up the foot

Answer 13

Phalanges,
Tarsals,
Metatarsals

Question 14

What is meant by ‘antagonistic muscle pair’

Answer 14

Two muscles that have opposite effects,
When one contracts another relaxes

Question 15

Name an antagonistic muscle pair in the human body

Answer 15

Biceps and triceps

Question 16

Describe how the antagonistic muscle pair, biceps and triceps, work

Answer 16

Biceps contract to bend the arm,
Triceps contract to straighten the arm.

Question 17

Name two regions in the vertebral column and how many bones are found in each region

Answer 17

Cervical - 7,
Coccygeal - 4

Question 18

What are intervertebral discs made of and what are their function

Answer 18

Cartilage,
Shock absorber and reduces friction

Question 19

Name the cells that break down bone

Answer 19

Osteoclasts

Question 20

Name the cells that build bone

Answer 20

Osteoblasts

Question 21

Three factors on which the continued renewal of bone depends (only two needed)

Answer 21

Diet, age, exercise,

Question 22

Name a long bone in the human body

Answer 22

Humerus

Question 23

Where are the discs in the human backbone

Answer 23

Between the vertebrae

Question 24

Function of discs in the human backbone

Answer 24

Shock absorber and friction free movement

Question 25

Role of yellow bone marrow

Answer 25

Fat storage, and can convert to red bone marrow

Question 26

Role of red bone marrow

Answer 26

blood cell formation

Question 27

What is meant by the axial skeleton

Answer 27

Vertebrae column, skull and rib cage

Question 28

Function of a tendon

Answer 28

Joins muscle to bone

Question 29

Treatment for osteoporosis

Answer 29

Exercise, hormone replacement therapy for menopausal female, and a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D

Question 30

One mineral and one vitamin required for bone growth

Answer 30

M = calcium V = vitamin D

Question 31

Distinguish between carpal and tarsal

Answer 31

Carpal are bones in wrist, Tarsal are bones in ankle or heel

Question 32

Distinguish between Tendon and ligament

Answer 32

Tension connects muscle to bone, Ligament connects bone to bone

Question 33

Distinguish between Biceps and triceps

Answer 33

Biceps contract to bend arm. Triceps contract to straighten arm

Question 34

Distinguish between Osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Answer 34

Osteoclasts build up bone. Osteoblasts breakdown bone

Question 35

Distinguish between Axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 35

Axial is the skull and vertebrae. Appendicular is the limbs

Question 36

Function of ligaments in joints

Answer 36

Joins bone to bone

Question 37

Function of Carthage around the ends of bones

Answer 37

Shock absorber, to reduce friction

Question 38

Long bones in the leg