Human reproduction

Question 1

Function of urethra

Answer 1

Releases sperm and urine

Question 2

Function of sperm duct/ vas deferens

Answer 2

Carries sperm from testes to penis

Question 3

Function of prostate gland

Answer 3

produces seminal fluid

Question 4

In which part of the male reproductive system does meiosis occur

Answer 4

Testes

Question 5

What part of the male reproductive system is directly involved in copulation

Answer 5

Penis

Question 6

One cause of male infertility and a corrective measure

Answer 6

Low sperm count,
IVF

Question 7

Three methods of contraception

Answer 7

Condom,
Vasectomy,
Pill

Question 8

Define secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 8

Features that distinguish male from female other than sex organs that emerge at puberty

Question 9

Three secondary sexual characteristics in males

Answer 9

Deep voice,
Body hair,
Enlarged muscles

Question 10

Function of epididymis

Answer 10

To store sperm and allows sperm to mature

Question 11

How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a typical human sperm cell

Answer 11

23

Question 12

How long is the typical female menstrual cycle

Answer 12

28-31 days

Question 13

Describe effect on the female reproductive system of low levels of progesterone and oestrogen

Answer 13

Menstruation

Question 14

What event occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 14

Ovulation/ release of an egg

Question 15

Define term infertility

Answer 15

Inability to produce offspring

Question 16

Give one cause of endometriosis and one treatement

Answer 16

Genetic

Question 17

Approx survival time of sperm in a female reproductive tract

Answer 17

0-7 days

Question 18

Names of two structures that are formed in the days following fertilisation up to the point of implantation

Answer 18

Morula,
Blastocyst

Question 19

Hormone involved in sperm production

Answer 19

Testosterone or FSH

Question 20

Importance of meiosis in the production of sperm

Answer 20

Introduce variation

Question 21

Hormone responsible for ovulation

Answer 21

LH

Question 22

Two tissues involved in the formation of the placenta

Answer 22

Endometrium,
Embryonic

Question 23

Differences between human and female gametes regarding relative numbers of each produced

Answer 23

Low number of female gametes,
High number of male gametes

Question 24

Differences between human and female gametes regarding frequency of production of gametes

Answer 24

Monthly in females,
Continuously in males

Question 25

Differences between human and female gametes regarding relative size

Answer 25

Large in females, Small in males

Question 26

Role of menstrual cycle

Answer 26

To prepare uterus/endometrium for pregnancy

Question 27

Event that occurs between days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 27

Period

Question 28

A drop in what hormone causes a period

Answer 28

Progesterone

Question 29

Where is oestrogen produced

Answer 29

Graafian follicle in the ovary

Question 30

Event of menstrual cycle that occurs day 14

Answer 30

Ovulation

Question 31

Hormone that causes ovulation to happen

Answer 31

LH

Question 32

What does the Graafian follicle turn into after day 14

Answer 32

Corpus luteum

Question 33

Name a human menstrual disorder, a possible cause and a method of treatment

Answer 33

Endometriosis, genetics, surgery

Question 34

Define term implantation

Answer 34

Embedding of fertilised egg into the endometrium

Question 35

Name, in correct order developmental stages from the fertilised egg to implantation

Answer 35

Morula, Blastocyst

Question 36

Name thee germ layers of an embryo cell

Answer 36

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 37

Three roles of the placenta

Answer 37

Movement of food from mother to foetus, Prevents blood of mother and foetus from mixing, Movement of wastes from foetus to mother

Question 38

Give outline of birthing process including the role of hormones

Answer 38

Progesterone levels drop, Uterine contractions, Cervix dilates, Deceivers of placenta, Umbilical cord is cut.

Question 39

Hormone responsible for milk production

Answer 39

Prolactin

Question 40

Two biological benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 40

Supplies antibodies, Balanced supply of nutrients,

Question 42

Explain the term in vitro fertilisation

Answer 42

Gametes (sperm and egg) fuse outside the body

Question 43

Suggest two reasons for the removal of several eggs for IVF

Answer 43

To increase chances of successful implantation, In case some of them die

Question 44

From what germ layer does the skin of the developing embryo arises

Answer 44

Ectoderm

Question 45

Why mustn’t the blood of a foetus and another mix

Answer 45

Blood pressure differences, Blood type differences

Question 46

One role of LH

Answer 46

Stimulates ovulation

Question 47

One role of FSH

Answer 47

Stimulates follicle egg to develop

Question 48

Function of oestrogen in cycle

Answer 48

Causes endometrium to build up

Question 49

Function of progesterone in cycle

Answer 49

Maintains endometrium

Question 50

Gland in male reproductive system and function

Answer 50

Prostate gland, produces seminal fluid

Question 51

Suggest why a sperm cells needs so many mitochondria

Answer 51

Sperm cells need a lot of energy to swim long distances to the egg

Question 52

Why are mitochondria inherited exclusively from the mother

Answer 52

Only the head of the sperm enters the egg, no mitochondria enter the egg

Question 53

State survival times of the egg in the female body

Answer 53

12-48 hours

Question 54

Term used to describe when secondary sexual characteristics take place

Answer 54

Puberty

Question 55

By which cells division does the zygote divide

Answer 55

Mitosis

Question 56

Developmental state after morula

Answer 56

Blastocyst

Question 57

One change experienced by mother that indicates birth process is starting

Answer 57

Contractions

Question 58

Structure in the adult body that develops from ectoderm

Answer 58

Nervous system

Question 59

Structure in the adult body that develops from mesoderm

Answer 59

Skeletal system

Question 60

Structure in the adult body that develops from endoderm

Answer 60

Inner linings of digestive system

Question 61

What is the amnion

Answer 61

Membrane or sac that surrounds the embryo

Question 62

Explain importance of amnion for foetus

Answer 62

Contains amniotic fluid and protects embryo

Question 63

What is semen

Answer 63

Sperm cells and seminal fluid

Question 64

Explain morula

Answer 64

Solid ball of cells

Question 65

Explain blastocyst

Answer 65

Fluid filled, hollow ball of cells

Question 66

Two functions of seminal fluid

Answer 66

Allows sperm to swim, Protects sperm

Question 67

What is meant by contraception

Answer 67

Prevention of fertilisation

Question 68

Advantage of vasectomy

Answer 68

Simple operation

Question 69

Disadvantage of vasectomy

Answer 69

Not easily reversed