Cell metabolism and enzymes 🌈

Question 1

Explain term metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reaction in the body/ cell

Question 2

Is this anabolic or catabolic:
A ————> B + C + energy

Answer 2

Catabolic,
a large molecule is broken into a smaller molecule and
Energy is released

Question 3

Name stage 1 of aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Glycolysis

Question 4

Stage 1 of aerobic respiration end with the formation of a three-carbon compound.
Name this compound

Answer 4

Pyruvic Acid

Question 5

Pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl Co A, which passes into a series of reactions called the Krebs cycle where electrons are removed.

Describe what happens to these electrons after they are removed

Answer 5

Make NADH,
Pass to electron transport chain,
Lose energy,
Pass to oxygen,
To make water

Question 6

What is an enzyme

Answer 6

Protein/biological catalyst

Question 7

Describe in detail the active site theory of enzyme action

Answer 7

Induced fit,
To accommodate substrate,
Product formed,
Enzyme can be reused

Question 8

Example of catabolic reaction

Answer 8

Amylase

Question 9

What happens to an enzyme when it is overheated

Answer 9

Loses shape,
Loses function,
Or becomes denatured

Question 10

Example of anabolic reaction

Answer 10

Polymerase

Question 11

Four elements four in all proteins

Answer 11

C, H, O, N

Question 12

Name an element that is only sometimes found in proteins

Answer 12

Sulfur

Question 13

How many common amino acids are found in proteins

Answer 13

20

Question 14

Name a fibrous protein

Answer 14

Keratin

Question 15

One metabolic role of proteins in living organisms

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

One good source of protein in the diet

Answer 16

Red meat

Question 17

Cell organelles where enzymes are produces

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

What is meant by enzyme denaturation

Answer 18

Loss of shape,
Loss of function

Question 19

Other than temperature, give two conditions that will denature an enzyme

Answer 19

Unsuitable PH,
Radiation

Question 20

What is an immobilised enzyme

Answer 20

An enzyme that is fixed

Question 21

Give one advantage of using immobilised enzyme

Answer 21

Can be reused

Question 22

Which type of biomolecule are enzymes

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

Explain enzyme specificity

Answer 23

An enzyme can only react with a certain substrate

Question 24

Balances equation for photosynthesis

Answer 24

6Co2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 25

Two Products of the light independent stage

Answer 25

Electrons, oxygen

Question 26

Outline events of the light independent stage of photosynthesis

Answer 26

Glucose converted into CO2

Question 27

Explain enzyme specific y with reference to the active site

Answer 27

Only one substrate matches the active site

Question 28

What happens to the activity of enzymes when they are placed in a medium outside of their optimum PH? Explain your answer

Answer 28

Activity is reduced, Because the enzyme is denatured.

Question 29

Two substances used in the school lab to immobilise enzymes or yeast cells

Answer 29

Sodium alginate, Calcium chloride

Question 30

In the constant of cell metabolism, what does NAD stand for

Answer 30

Nicotinamide Adeneine Dinucleotide

Question 31

Two types of particles transferred by NAD

Answer 31

Electrons and protons

Question 32

Effect of an increase in metabolic rate in response to falling external temperatures

Answer 32

Generates heat, or, Temperature increases

Question 33

Term used to describe animals that can vary their metabolic rate significantly

Answer 33

Endotherms

Question 34

Suggest how an animal who cannot vary their metabolic rate may response to falling external temperatures (exotherms)

Answer 34

Take shelter, Move to a warm place, Hibernate

Question 35

Explain term, piloerection

Answer 35

Hairs standing up

Question 36

Importance of piloerection

Answer 36

Traps air, Reduces heat loss

Question 37

Importance of vasoconstriction in response to falling external tempuratures

Answer 37

Reduces blood flow to the skin, Reduces heat loss

Question 38

Chemical nature of enzymes

Answer 38

Proteins

Question 39

Comment on the molecular shape of enzymes

Answer 39

Folded