Cell metabolism and enzymes 🌈 Flashcards
Explain term metabolism
The sum of all chemical reaction in the body/ cell
Is this anabolic or catabolic:
A ————> B + C + energy
Catabolic,
a large molecule is broken into a smaller molecule and
Energy is released
Name stage 1 of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
Stage 1 of aerobic respiration end with the formation of a three-carbon compound.
Name this compound
Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl Co A, which passes into a series of reactions called the Krebs cycle where electrons are removed.
Describe what happens to these electrons after they are removed
Make NADH,
Pass to electron transport chain,
Lose energy,
Pass to oxygen,
To make water
What is an enzyme
Protein/biological catalyst
Describe in detail the active site theory of enzyme action
Induced fit,
To accommodate substrate,
Product formed,
Enzyme can be reused
Example of catabolic reaction
Amylase
What happens to an enzyme when it is overheated
Loses shape,
Loses function,
Or becomes denatured
Example of anabolic reaction
Polymerase
Four elements four in all proteins
C, H, O, N
Name an element that is only sometimes found in proteins
Sulfur
How many common amino acids are found in proteins
20
Name a fibrous protein
Keratin
One metabolic role of proteins in living organisms
Enzymes
One good source of protein in the diet
Red meat
Cell organelles where enzymes are produces
Ribosomes
What is meant by enzyme denaturation
Loss of shape,
Loss of function
Other than temperature, give two conditions that will denature an enzyme
Unsuitable PH,
Radiation
What is an immobilised enzyme
An enzyme that is fixed
Give one advantage of using immobilised enzyme
Can be reused
Which type of biomolecule are enzymes
Proteins
Explain enzyme specificity
An enzyme can only react with a certain substrate
Balances equation for photosynthesis
6Co2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Two Products of the light independent stage
Electrons, oxygen
Outline events of the light independent stage of photosynthesis
Glucose converted into CO2
Explain enzyme specific y with reference to the active site
Only one substrate matches the active site
What happens to the activity of enzymes when they are placed in a medium outside of their optimum PH?
Explain your answer
Activity is reduced,
Because the enzyme is denatured.
Two substances used in the school lab to immobilise enzymes or yeast cells
Sodium alginate,
Calcium chloride
In the constant of cell metabolism, what does NAD stand for
Nicotinamide Adeneine Dinucleotide
Two types of particles transferred by NAD
Electrons and protons
Effect of an increase in metabolic rate in response to falling external temperatures
Generates heat, or,
Temperature increases
Term used to describe animals that can vary their metabolic rate significantly
Endotherms
Suggest how an animal who cannot vary their metabolic rate may response to falling external temperatures (exotherms)
Take shelter,
Move to a warm place,
Hibernate
Explain term, piloerection
Hairs standing up
Importance of piloerection
Traps air,
Reduces heat loss
Importance of vasoconstriction in response to falling external tempuratures
Reduces blood flow to the skin,
Reduces heat loss
Chemical nature of enzymes
Proteins
Comment on the molecular shape of enzymes
Folded
