Excretion 🫘 Flashcards
Explain excretion
Removal of metabolic waste from an organism or cell
Homeostasis
Maintaining a constant internal environment
Name two excretory organ in plants
Leaf,
Root
Function of fat layer that surrounds kidneys
Protection
importance of blood entering the Glomerulus under pressure
Forced filtration
Two reasons why there are many capillaries surrounding the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of henle and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron
Reabsorption and secretion
Explain how ADH affects the volume of urine
Makes walls more permeable than
Name structure through which urine travels to the bladder
Ureter
Structure involved in vasoconstriction
Arteriole
Describe in detail the role of vasoconstriction in temperature regulation
In cold conditions,
Arterioles narrow,
Less blood flow to the skin,
Heat retained
Which structure is involved with both excretion and temperature regulation
Sweat gland
Excretory product of sweat gland
Sweat
Name of organism that can generate their own heat and regulate their body temperature
Endotherm
Two other systems that the skin has a role in
Nervous, defence
Why is homeostasis important in organisms
For metabolism or
Enzyme activity
Precise location in the body where urea was made
Liver
Food biomolecule in which urea is derived
Protein
In which part of the kidney is the bowman’s capsule located
Cortex
In which part of the kidney is the loop of henle located
Medulla
State the effect on the volume of urine produced by a high salt intake
Volume decreases
Reason for volume decrease of urine after high salt intake
ADH,
From pituitary,
Makes walls of collecting ducts,
More permeable to water,
More water is reabsorbed
One possible treatment for kidney failure
Dialysis or,
Transplant
Excretion term explain
Removal of metabolic waste from an organism
Egestion term explain
Removal of undigested waste from an organism
Name two excretory products, other than water, of mammals
Urea, salts, carbon dioxide
Where is urea produced
Where is salt produced
Where is carbon dioxide produced
Two structures in flowering plants that play a role in excretion
Stomata, leaves
One method of excretion in flowering plants
Diffusion
Blood vessel that supplies blood to kidney
Renal artery
From which blood vessel does renal artery arise
Aorta
In which cavity of the body are the kidneys located
Abdominal cavity
Feature of the kidney which indicated that it is an exocrine gland
Has ducts and,
Does not produce hormones
A sample of urine was found to contain protein.
Would this be considered normal?
Why?
No,
Protein molecules too big to pass into the filtrate
A sample of urine was found to contain glucose.
Would this be considered normal?
Why?
no,
Glucose in the filtrate should have been reabsorbed
What substance is urea derived from
Protein or,
Amino acids
What substance is carbon dioxide derived from
Carbohydrates
Part of the nephron where filtration occurs
Glomerulus
Part of the nephron where the reabsorption of amino acids take place
Proximal tubule
Three features of the nephron that aid filtration
Large surface area,
Lining one cell thick,
Porous cavity walls
Group of biomolecules in the blood that are too big to pass through the filtration system
Proteins
Define term “ectothermic”
Body temperature varies
with environmental temperature
Two ways that the body is insulated against heat loss
Fat,
Hair
Source of heat that allows for homeostasis
Liver
How does the body respond when it’s internal temperature rises above the normal level (2)
Sweat, hairs lie flat
Describe the hormonal and nervous responses that occur when internal body temperature drops
Hairs stand up,
Air trapped,
Thyroxine increases metabolic rate
