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Nursing 2910 > Musculoskeletal assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system contain

A

bones, muscles, and joints

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2
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system controlled by

A

the nervous system

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system

A

to provide structure and movement for body parts

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4
Q

What is the purpose of bones

A

structure, protection, serve as levers, store calcium/phosphorus, produce RBCs

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5
Q

What is vitamin C needed for

A

calcium absorption

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6
Q

How many bones are in the body

A

206

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7
Q

What are the types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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8
Q

What does spongy bone do

A

help absorb impact

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9
Q

osteoclasts

A

breakdown and clean up bone

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10
Q

osteoblasts

A

build bone

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11
Q

Why does bone need blood supply

A

because it is a living tissue

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12
Q

Joint

A

a place where two or more bones meet

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a joint

A

provide a range of motion

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14
Q

Synarthrotic joints

A

connects two bones with fibrous connective tissue, immovable

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15
Q

Amphiarthrotic joints

A

joining together of bone through cartilage, partially moveable

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16
Q

Diarthroses/synovial joints

A

bones attach together through ligaments, have a space between bone filled with synovial fluid, freely moveable

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17
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

a rounded head (ball) fits into a cup-like structure (socket) to allow movement in all planes in addition to rotation - hip, shoulders

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18
Q

Condyloid joint

A

an oval shaped bone fits into an elliptical cavity to allow movement in two planes at right angles to each other - wrist

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19
Q

Gliding joint

A

two flat plane surfaces move past each other - intervertebral joints

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20
Q

Hinge joint

A

a convex surface fits into a cavity, allowing flexion and extension - knee and elbow

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21
Q

Pivot joint

A

the joint is formed by a ring-like object that turns on a pivot - first vertebrae and the base of the skull

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22
Q

Saddle joint

A

the bones that fit together are convex and concave, having opposite construction - thumb

23
Q

When do joints require further investigation

A

color changes, inflammation, infection, erythema (redness), warmth, joint deformity

24
Q

Cartilage

A

smooth, elastic connective tissue that cushions around the joints

25
Q

Tendons

A

fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

26
Q

Ligaments

A

fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

27
Q

What do ligaments allow for

A

freedom of movement but prevent overextension

28
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control

A

involuntary muscles

29
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control

A

voluntary skeletal muscle

30
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the midline of the body

31
Q

Adduction

A

moving toward the midline of the body

32
Q

Circumduction

A

circular motion

33
Q

Inversion

A

moving inward

34
Q

Eversion

A

moving outward

35
Q

Extension

A

straightening the extremity at the joint

36
Q

Hyperextension

A

joint bends more than 180 degrees

37
Q

Flexion

A

bending the extremity at the joint

38
Q

Pronation

A

turning or facing downward

39
Q

Supination

A

turning or facing upward

40
Q

Protraction

A

moving forward (moving head forward at the neck)

41
Q

Retraction

A

moving backward (moving head backward at the neck)

42
Q

Rotation

A

turning a bone on its own long axis

43
Q

Internal rotation

A

turning a bone toward the center of the body

44
Q

External rotation

A

turning a bone away from the body

45
Q

Why does type 1 diabetes create an increased osteoporosis risk

A

insufficient calcium

46
Q

Passive ROM

A

muscle is getting moved for the patient

47
Q

Active ROM

A

muscle can move independently by the patient

48
Q

Muscle strength ratings

A

0: no muscular contraction
1: slight contraction
2: passive ROM
3: active ROM against some resistance
4: active ROM against full resistance

49
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a decrease in bone density due to osteoclast activity increasing and osteoblast activity decreasing

50
Q

Where are the most common fractures found

A

wrist, hip, and spine

51
Q

What is the statistic of osteoporosis

A

1/10 people over the age of 50 have osteoporosis

52
Q

Why does osteoporosis most commonly occur in women

A

due to the link between estrogen and bone density

53
Q

Uncontrollable risk factors for osteoporosis

A

age, sex, genetics, family history, previous fracture, menopause, hysterectomy, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, rheumatoid arthritis

54
Q

Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis

A

alcohol, smoking, caffeine, low body mass index, poor nutrition, vitamin D deficiency, eating disorders, low dietary calcium intake, insufficient exercise, frequent falls

Nursing 2910 (15 decks)

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