Abdominal and Male Genitourinary assessment Flashcards
What does the GI system contain
stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
What does the urinary system contain
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the purpose of stomach
mixes and churns food with gastric juice contains acid and a protein-digesting enzyme called pepsin, creating chyme
What is the purpose the liver
makes bile which aids in the digestion and absorption of fat
What is the purpose of the gallbladder
stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed
What is the purpose of the pancreas
insulin production, releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents; produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
What is the purpose of the spleen
controls the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
What do you follow for an assessment
the flow of the contents of the stomach (the large intestines)
What is the direction of the abdominal assessment
RLQ –> RUQ –> LUQ –> LLQ
What do you need to properly assess the abdomen
proper exposure
What main organs are in the RLQ
appendix, ascending colon
Why do you hear bowel sounds best in the RLQ
because of the ileocecal valve
What main organs are in the RUQ
liver, gallbladder, ascending colon
What main organs are in the LUQ
stomach, spleen, pancreas
What main organs are in the LLQ
descending colon
What should the patient do before you start the assessment
void, position supine with knees slightly flexed
How do you palpate a painful area
last and extra softly
What order do you do an abdominal assessment
inspection –> auscultation –> percussion –> palpation
Why does percussion occur before palpation
you don’t want to stimulate the bowel and change the bowel sounds
What do you assess during inspection (3)
size, symmetry, contour, and condition of the abdomen
position, contour, and color of the umbilicus
look for lesions, scars, striae, superficial veins, and hair distribution
How do you check for bulges
have the patient raise their hands
How do you check the shape of a patient’s abdomen
stand at the client’s side and view across the abdomen
When is the best time to auscultate the abdomen
shortly after eating or when eating is overdue
How long are bowel sounds usually heard over the ileocecal valve after eating
4-8 minutes after a meal
What do you percuss the abdomen for
gas, fluid, tenderness, masses
What are the types of abdomen contour (4)
flat, scaphoid, rounded, protuberant
When is a protuberant abdomen expected
in infants and children
Are scars, striae, and superficial veins common variations
yes
What causes a more rounded abdomen in older adults
decreased muscle tone
When are peristaltic waves common to see
in thin patients, infants, and children