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Nursing 2910 > Abdominal and Male Genitourinary assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal and Male Genitourinary assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the GI system contain

A

stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

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2
Q

What does the urinary system contain

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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3
Q

What is the purpose of stomach

A

mixes and churns food with gastric juice contains acid and a protein-digesting enzyme called pepsin, creating chyme

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4
Q

What is the purpose the liver

A

makes bile which aids in the digestion and absorption of fat

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the gallbladder

A

stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the pancreas

A

insulin production, releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents; produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the spleen

A

controls the levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

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8
Q

What do you follow for an assessment

A

the flow of the contents of the stomach (the large intestines)

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9
Q

What is the direction of the abdominal assessment

A

RLQ –> RUQ –> LUQ –> LLQ

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10
Q

What do you need to properly assess the abdomen

A

proper exposure

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11
Q

What main organs are in the RLQ

A

appendix, ascending colon

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12
Q

Why do you hear bowel sounds best in the RLQ

A

because of the ileocecal valve

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13
Q

What main organs are in the RUQ

A

liver, gallbladder, ascending colon

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14
Q

What main organs are in the LUQ

A

stomach, spleen, pancreas

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15
Q

What main organs are in the LLQ

A

descending colon

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16
Q

What should the patient do before you start the assessment

A

void, position supine with knees slightly flexed

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17
Q

How do you palpate a painful area

A

last and extra softly

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18
Q

What order do you do an abdominal assessment

A

inspection –> auscultation –> percussion –> palpation

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19
Q

Why does percussion occur before palpation

A

you don’t want to stimulate the bowel and change the bowel sounds

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20
Q

What do you assess during inspection (3)

A

size, symmetry, contour, and condition of the abdomen
position, contour, and color of the umbilicus
look for lesions, scars, striae, superficial veins, and hair distribution

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21
Q

How do you check for bulges

A

have the patient raise their hands

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22
Q

How do you check the shape of a patient’s abdomen

A

stand at the client’s side and view across the abdomen

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23
Q

When is the best time to auscultate the abdomen

A

shortly after eating or when eating is overdue

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24
Q

How long are bowel sounds usually heard over the ileocecal valve after eating

A

4-8 minutes after a meal

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25
Q

What do you percuss the abdomen for

A

gas, fluid, tenderness, masses

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26
Q

What are the types of abdomen contour (4)

A

flat, scaphoid, rounded, protuberant

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27
Q

When is a protuberant abdomen expected

A

in infants and children

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28
Q

Are scars, striae, and superficial veins common variations

A

yes

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29
Q

What causes a more rounded abdomen in older adults

A

decreased muscle tone

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30
Q

When are peristaltic waves common to see

A

in thin patients, infants, and children

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31
Q

What do men tend to use when they breathe

A

abdominal muscles

32
Q

What do peristaltic waves mean

A

an intestinal obstruction

33
Q

What do pulsations indicate

A

aortic aneurysms

34
Q

What is expected findings for an umbilicus

A

inverted, midline, no discharge or discoloration

35
Q

What does protrusion of the umbilicus mean

A

hernia or underlying mass

36
Q

What is an expected finding for auscultation

A

irregular gurgling/tinkling sounds every 5-15 seconds or 30 times per minute

37
Q

Borborygmi

A

the characteristic sounds of growling or rumbling that the stomach and intestines make as food, fluids, and gas pass through them

38
Q

Hypoactive bowel sounds

A

extremely soft, infrequent, <5 sounds/min, indicates decreased motility

39
Q

When are hypoactive bowel sounds often heard

A

post-op, peritonitis, bowel obstruction

40
Q

Hyperactive bowel sounds

A

increased high-pitched, loud rushing every 2-3 seconds or >30 minutes indicates increased motility

41
Q

When are hyperactive bowel sounds often heard

A

diarrhea, early bowel obstruction, or with use of laxatives

42
Q

How long do you have to listen for bowel sounds for in order to indicate absence of bowel sounds

A

5 minutes

43
Q

What does an absence of bowel sounds mean

A

cessation of intestinal motility

44
Q

Ileus

A

lack of intestinal activity

45
Q

When is Ileus common

A

after surgery

46
Q

Are bruits expected or unexpected findings

A

unexpected

47
Q

How do you listen for bruits

A

use stethoscope bell over aorta, renal, femoral, and ileac arteries to listen

48
Q

What does a bruits indicate

A

an aneurysm or altered blood flow

49
Q

Tympanny

A

a normal sound heard over gas

50
Q

Dullness

A

heard over organs or over an area of fluid/mass

51
Q

What do high-pitched sounds or extensive dullness indicate

A

enlargement or underlying mass

52
Q

What age-related changes are found in the stomach

A

decreased gastric motility and reduction in gastric mucus

53
Q

What do age-related changes in the stomach cause

A

increased susceptibility to peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. increased with medications, especially NSAIDs

54
Q

What age-related changes are found in the intestines

A

decrease in nutrient absorption, lipids, amino acids, glucose, calcium, and iron, peristalsis is slowed

55
Q

Is constipation normal with aging

A

No, but it is common

56
Q

What age-related changes are found in the gallbladder and liver

A

decrease in blood flow, decreasing use of fat-soluble medications

57
Q

Penis

A

external reproductive organ of the male made of the shaft and the glans

58
Q

Male urethra

A

found in the shaft, drains the bladder

59
Q

Scrotum

A

bag of skin that holds and helps protect the testicles

60
Q

Testes (testicles)

A

two small organs found inside the scrotum responsible for making sperm and producing testosterone

61
Q

Epididymis

A

a long tube located near each testicle important for moving sperm from the testicles

62
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

sac-like glands behind the bladder that releases semen

63
Q

Vas deferens

A

a tube that carries the sperm out of the scrotal sac

64
Q

Rectum

A

the lower end of the large intestine that leads to the anus

65
Q

Anus

A

the opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body

66
Q

Prostate gland

A

a sex gland in men that secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that forms the seminal fluid, which carries sperm

67
Q

What do you inspect in the male genitourinary assessment (7)

A

hair distribution/color/condition, skin of the penis, foreskin?, urethral meatus, lesions, discharge, inguinal area

68
Q

What do you observe for the scrotal sac (4)

A

condition, size, symmetry, and position

69
Q

What do you palpate in the male genitourinary assessment

A

shaft of the penis, foreskin if present, lymph nodes in inner thigh

70
Q

How to perform testicular self-examination

A

check for scrotal swelling, palpate testes, roll testes gently in horizontal plane (using thumb and index finger), feel for any abnormalities, locate epididymis

71
Q

Hypospadias

A

urethral opening at the bottom of the penis

72
Q

When is hypospadias common

A

in infants

73
Q

Epispadias

A

urethral opening at the top of the penis

74
Q

Pilonidal cyst

A

blocked sebaceous gland at the base of the spine

75
Q

Why is incontinence a problem in 1/3 of adults

A

the bladder-supporting muscles weaken

76
Q

What happens to the scrotum with age

A

enlarges

Nursing 2910 (15 decks)

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