HEENT assessment Flashcards
How is objective data collected
through inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion
What is the skull separated into
cranium and facial bones
Cranium
houses and protects the brain and major sensory organs, 8 bones
Facial bones
give shape to the face, 14 bones, all immovable except for the mandible
External eye structures
lens, cornea
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodation
Extraocular muscles
6 muscles attached to the outer surface of the eyeball that control the 6 different directions of movement - 4 rectus muscles, 2 oblique muscles
Rectus muscles
superior, middle, inferior
Oblique muscles
superior and inferior
What cranial nerves are the eye muscles controlled by
3, 4, and 6
Peripheral vision
boundary of the eye when the eye is in a fixed position
EOMS
control of the movement of the eye and allow us to track movement
What is responsible for smell and part of the respiratory system
the nose and sinus
How does the temporal lobe perceive smell
the vaporized molecules trigger receptors in cranial nerve 1 to olfactory centers
How many paranasal sinuses are located in the skull
4 pairs
What decreases the weight of the skull
air filled cavities
What do sinuses act as
resonance chambers during speech
What is the neck composed of
muscles, ligaments, cervical vertebrae
Where are lymph nodes located
the head and neck - size and shape may very
Are lymph nodes palpable
only when they swell and are painful
When do babies have control over their head
around 4 months - erect and midline
When do the anterior fontanels close
between 9-18 months
When do the posterior fontanels close
between birth-2 months
Weber test
sound should be heard in both ears, vibrating tuning fork on the top of the head, want negative weber test
Rinne test
perform if positive Weber test, tests bone conduction with the tunning fork on the mastoid process and air conduction in the front of the ear, AC is x2 as long as BC
How long is strabismus normal for
4-6 months
Why are bright colors and large objects best seen in pediatrics
the optic nerve is not yet myelinated so they are not able to distinguish color and detail well
Newborn vision
20/100, 20/400
What should happen to 3 month vision
eyes should be aligned and movement is coordinated
5 year vision
20/40, 20/30
7 year vision
20/20
Why do eyes have a sunken appearance
a decrease in periorbital fat
Presbyopia
lens of the eye begins to lose some ability to accommodate to near objects
What happens to PERRLA reaction in older adults
slower but still equal, accommodation may be slow
What happens to conjunctiva in older adults
pale or slightly yellow tint due to fat deposits
When is brownish pigmentation in gums normal
in individuals with a darker skin tone
Diminished distant vision
nearsighted, small fraction (20/100)
