Musculoskeletal Anatomy UE Flashcards
Elbow and Radioulna muscles
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator teres Pronator Quadratus Supinator Triceps Anconeus
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Biceps Brachii Brachialis
Median Nerve
Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus
Radial Nerve
Triceps brachii Supinator Ancoueus brachioradialis
biceps brachii
O: scapula A: elbow flexion, forearm supination N: musculocutaneous
Brachialis
O: distal half of humerus A: elbow flexion N: musculocutaneous
Pronator Teres
A: Pronate forearm / weak flexion of elbow O: medial condyloid ridge of humerus/ medial side of ulna N: Median Nerve
brachioradialis
O: epicondyle of humerus A: elbow flexion, supinates and pronates from the mid-position N: Radial
Supinator Muscle
A: supination of forearm O: lateral condyloid ridge of humerus/posterior part of ulna N: Radial Nerve
Pronator Quadratus
A: Pronate forearm O: Distal 1/4th of ulna N: Median Nerve
Triceps brachii
O: scapula A: elbow extension, a weak shoulder extensor N: radial
Anconeus Muscle
A : Elbow Extension O: posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the humerus N: Radial Nerve
Elbow Joint
articulation of humerus with the ulna and radius Hinge joint Only motions are flexion and extension The olecranon process which fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus blocks hyperextension. Range of Motion: 0 -145 degrees.
Radioulnar Joint
Formed by the articulation between the radius and the ulna. They articulate both proximally and distally Pivot Joint Motions: Supination/Pronation The radius moves around the ulnar.
Palmaris Longus
wrist flexion innervated by median nerve 12% of the population is missing this muscle
Wrist Flexors
Flexor Carpi Radialis- med Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- uln Palmaris Longus- med All origin medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
wrist flexion/ular deviation Innervated by the ulnar nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
wrist flexion/radial deviation Innervated by the median nerve
Wrist Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris All are innervated by the radial nerve Origin of these muscles is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Intrinsic Muscles of the hand
Both the origin and insertion of these muscles are in the wrist/hand. These are small muscles that allow us to perform fine motor movements Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Adductor pollicis Interossei Lumbricales
The Thumb
referred to as digit #1 3 joints are : Carpo-metacarpal joint, CMC, metacarpal-phalangeal (MCP) joint and the the interphalangeal joint ( IP) joint
Muscles of Thumb Extension
Extensor pollicis brevis - (CMC and MCP) Radial Nerve Extensor pollicis longus – (CMC, MCP, IP Radial Nerve
Muscles of thumb Flexion
Flexor pollicis brevis-(CMC and MCP /Median Nerve Flexor pollicis longus- (CMC,MCP,IP) Med Nerve
Muscles of Thumb Abduction
Abductor pollicis brevis (abducts CMC ) median nerve Abductor pollicis longus ( Abducts CMC) – Radial Nerve
Muscles of Thumb Adduction
Adductor Pollicis (CMC joint) –ulnar nerve
Interossei
Muscles between the bones. O: between the metacarpals I: proximal phalanx(es) Dorsal (4): abduct the fingers (DAB) Palmar (3): adduct the fingers (PAD) Ulnar N.
Lumbricles
O: flexor digitorum profundus I: extensor digitorum of respective finger. They flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP joints. Split innervation: index/middle:median n. Ring/little : ulnar nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexes the MCP and PIP of fingers – Median N.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexes all 3 joints of fingers split innervation (median –digits 2 and 3, ulnar n goes to digits 4 and 5.
Extensor digitorum
extends all 3 joints of the fingers – radial nerve
Extensor Indicis
extends the 3 joints of the index finger – radial nerve
Muscles of Thumb Opposition
Opponens pollicis (opposes @ CMC jt.) – Median N.
Arches of the hand
When relaxed – the palm assumes a cupped position. There are 3 arches responsible for this. Proximal carpal arch ,distal carpal arch and the longitudinal arch. – These arches contribute to the various grasps of the hand.
Metacarpo-phalangeal Joint: ( MCP)
2-5 Movement : flexion/extension, abduction/adduction. Knucles
Brachial plexus
A nerve plexus originating from the ventral branches of the last four cervical (C5-C8) and first thoracic spinal nerves. The brachial plexus gives off the principle nerves that serve the shoulder, chest, and arm
Axillary Nerve (BP)
C5,C6 SD: Lateral arm over lower portion of deltiod MF: loss of protraction, weakened shoulder lateral rotation
Musculocutaneous Nerve (BP)
C5,C6 SD: anterior lateral surface of forearm MF: loss of elbow flexion, weakened supination
Radial Nerve (BP)
C6-C8,T1 SD: post arm, post forearm, and radial side of post hand MF: loss of elbow, wrist, finger, and thumb extension (wrist drop)
Median Nerve (BP)
C6-C8, T1 SD: palmar aspect of thumb, 2nd, 3rd, 4th fingers MF: loss of forearm pronation. loss of thumb oppos, flexion and ABD, weakened wrist flexors, weakened radial deviation. weakened 2nd and 3rd finger flexion
Ulnar Nerve (BP)
C8, T1 SD: 4th and 5th finger MF: loss of ulnar deviation. weakened wrist, finger flexion. loss of thumb ADD. loss of most intrinsics (claw hand)
Hypothenar eminence
Move the pinky Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi All are innervated by the ulnar nerve
Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle (5)
All of the muscles cause movement of the scapula All have origin on the axial skeleton and insertions on the scapula and/or clavicle 1.Pectoralis minor 2.Serratus anterior 3.Trapezius 4.Rhomboids 5.Levator scalpulae
Pectoralis Minor
Actions: protraction, downward rotation and depression. -O axial skeleton / I- coracoid process of scapula N- Medial pectoral nerve C8,T1
Serratus Anterior
Action: abduction ( protraction) and upward rotation O – axial skeleton /I – scapula N- Long thoracic nerve C5-C7
Trapezius
Action:: elevate, depress, and upward rotation O – axial skeleton ; I clavicle/scapula N- Spinal accessory C3,C4
Rhomboids
Action: Adduction ( Retraction), downward rotation, and elevation. O – axial skeleton I – medical border of scapula N-Dorsal scapular nerve C5
Levator Scalpulae
Action: elevation; downward rotation O – axial skeleton I – scapula N- C3-C5
Muscles of the Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint
All muscles move the humerus Deltoid Coracobrachialis Teres Major Rotator Cuff group ( supraspinatous, infraspinatous, subscapularis, teres minor) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major
O: clavicle/anterior surface of ribs 1-6 I : bicipital grove of the humerus A: horizontal adduction, flexion, internal rotation and adduction N- Lateral and medial pectoral nerve C5-C8, T1
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process of scapula I: Medial border of humerus shaft A: Shoulder flexion /Horizontall adduction N: musculocutaneous nerve
Deltoid
Anterior, Middle, Posterior NA:Shoulder abd, flx, ext, external rotation, horizontal shoulder adduction and abduction N- Axillary Nerve C5-C6
Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
SITS- subscapularis, infraspinatous, teres minor, and supraspinatous responsible for keeping the humeral head in its proper position within the glenoid cavity
Subscapularis (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
O: subscapula fossa of scapula I : Lesser tubercle of the humerus A : internal rotation N: Subscapular C5,C6
Infraspinatous (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
O : Infraspinatous fossa I : Greater tubercle A : horizontal abduction, external rotation N: Suprascapular C5,C6
Teres Minor (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
O : lateral aspect of scapula I : Greater tubercle A : external rotation , adduction N: Axillary C5,C6
Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
O : Supraspinatous fossa I : Greater tubercle A : Weak abduction ( * stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa) N: Suprascapular C5,C6
Teres Major
O : Inferior angle of the scapula I : lesser tubercle A : internal rotation, extension, adduction N: Subscapular C5-C7
Latissmus dorsi
O : Sacrum/lumbar region of spine I : Medial side of the bicipital grove A : adduction, horizontal adduction, hyperextension,extension, and internal rotation N: Thoracodorsal C6-C8
