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A&P II > Lymphatic System II > Flashcards

Lymphatic System II Flashcards

1
Q

Diffuse lymphatic tissue is found in the mucous membranes of the _____ and _____
systems.

A

respiratory; digestive

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2
Q

_____ are groups of lymphatic cells which have clear boundaries but which are not
protected by a capsule. When these are located in lymph nodes or the spleen, they are
more commonly called _____.

A

Lymphatic nodules; lymphatic

follicles

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3
Q

Lymphatic nodules are found in the _____ of the mucous membranes that line the _____,
_____, _____ and _____ tracts.

A

lamina propria; gastrointestinal;
reproductive; respiratory;
urinary

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4
Q

_____ are several-centimeter wide clusters of lymphatic noduless in the lining of the ileum.

A

Peyer’s patches

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5
Q

The _____ consist of a set of _____ clusters of lymphatic nodules, arranged
in a ring, in the mucosa of the pharynx.

A

tonsils; seven

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6
Q

The _____ are the tonsils found on each side of the pharynx.

A

palatine

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7
Q

The pair of tonsils at the base of the tongue are the _____ tonsils.

A

lingual

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8
Q

The two tonsils in the pharynx that guard the entrance to the pharyngotympanic tube (also
called the auditory tube) are the _____ tonsils.

A

tubal

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9
Q

Encapsulated organs which contain both lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissue
are the _____, _____ and _____.

A

lymph nodes; thymus; spleen

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10
Q

The _____ is the tonsil found in the rear wall of the nasopharynx.

A

adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil

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11
Q

Connective tissue projecting into encapsulated lymphatic organs forms _____, which act
as supporting structures.

A

trabeculae

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12
Q

_____ are the small, roughly oval structures that occur along lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymph nodes

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13
Q

Lymph nodes are most abundant where _____ merge.

A

lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

Lymph enters a lymph node through _____ which enter the _____ side of the node.

A

afferent lymphatic vessels;

convex

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15
Q

Lymph leaves a lymph node through _____ which exit within an indentation called the
_____, on the _____ side of the node.

A

efferent lymphatic vessels;

hilum or hilus; concave

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16
Q

In lymph nodes, _____ are strands of reticular fibers around which lymphocytes and
macrophages cluster and which extend from the cortex toward the hilus (hilum).

A

medullary cords

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17
Q

_____ are open spaces within lymph nodes through which lymph flows.

A

Lymphatic sinuses

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18
Q

One of the functions of the lymph nodes is to filter out _____ or _____.

A

impurities; microorganisms

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19
Q

One of the functions of the lymph nodes is to house _____, which destroy _____, _____
and _____.

A

macrophages; bacteria; toxins;

debris

20
Q

_____ within the lymph nodes screen the lymph as it enters, and differentiate to produce
_____ if an antigen is detected.

A

B-cells; antibodies

21
Q

B-cells and macrophages proliferate in the _____ of lymph nodes.

A

cortex or outer layer

22
Q

T-cells are found in lymph nodes, primarily in the _____.

A

medulla

23
Q

The _____ is a lymphatic organ located between the lungs, immediately anterior to the
heart.

A

thymus

24
Q

The thymus is largest during _____.

A

early childhood

25
Q

An individual whose thymus was so small that it could not be found at autopsy was most
likely _____.

A

old

26
Q

The thymus has _____ lobes.

A

two

27
Q

. Each lobe of the thymus is surrounded by a(n) _____.

A

capsule

28
Q

_____ are the divisions within the thymic lobe produced by inward extensions of the
capsule

A

Lobules

29
Q

Each thymic lobule has two distinct regions: the _____ and the _____.

A

cortex; medulla

29
Q

The major function of the thymus is to produce _____.

A

mature T lymphocytes (or

mature T-cells)

29
Q

The largest lymphatic organ is the _____.

A

spleen

29
Q

Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter the spleen through the _____, which
is on the upper surface

A

hilus or hilum

29
Q

Reticular fibers and lymphocytes in the spleen form nodules which resemble those of
lymph nodes and which are called _____.

A

white pulp

29
Q

The lymphocytes which are found in the thymus are almost exclusively _____.

A

T-cells or T lymphocytes

29
Q

. _____ are rounded clusters of cells composed of epithelium; their function is unknown.

A 
Thymic corpuscles (or Hassall's 
corpuscles
29
Q

The blood vessels that supply the thymus are surrounded by _____ which limit the access
of immature T-cells to antigens.

A

epithelioreticular cells

29
Q

Most of the blood delivered to the spleen does not pass directly from arteries to veins via
capillaries, but instead passes through a region of _____ circulation which has no direct
connection between the arterial and venous vessels.

A

open

29
Q

Blood passing the regions in the spleen in which circulation is open enters the venous
system by first entering _____.

A

venous sinuses

29
Q

The venous sinuses within the spleen, together with the associated fibrous network known
as the _____, are called _____.

A

splenic cords; red pulp

29
Q

Splenic cords consist of _____, _____ and _____ which act to filter the blood.

A

reticular connective tissue;

macrophages; lymphocytes

29
Q

The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to filter the _____.

A

blood

29
Q

The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to provide a reservoir for _____.

A

blood

29
Q

The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to provide a location for _____ and
_____ to proliferate.

A

B-cells; T-cells

29
Q

The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to help with the production of _____
during fetal development.

A

blood cells

29
Q

Although the lymphatic system is nearly as extensive as the circulatory system, lymph
capillaries are absent in _____, _____, _____ and the _____. These depend on other
routes for lymph drainage.

A

bones; teeth; bone marrow;

CNS

29
Q

The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to destroy _____ and capture iron
and amino acids for recycling.

A

old RBCs

A&P II (11 decks)

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