Lymphatic System II Flashcards
Diffuse lymphatic tissue is found in the mucous membranes of the _____ and _____
systems.
respiratory; digestive
_____ are groups of lymphatic cells which have clear boundaries but which are not
protected by a capsule. When these are located in lymph nodes or the spleen, they are
more commonly called _____.
Lymphatic nodules; lymphatic
follicles
Lymphatic nodules are found in the _____ of the mucous membranes that line the _____,
_____, _____ and _____ tracts.
lamina propria; gastrointestinal;
reproductive; respiratory;
urinary
_____ are several-centimeter wide clusters of lymphatic noduless in the lining of the ileum.
Peyer’s patches
The _____ consist of a set of _____ clusters of lymphatic nodules, arranged
in a ring, in the mucosa of the pharynx.
tonsils; seven
The _____ are the tonsils found on each side of the pharynx.
palatine
The pair of tonsils at the base of the tongue are the _____ tonsils.
lingual
The two tonsils in the pharynx that guard the entrance to the pharyngotympanic tube (also
called the auditory tube) are the _____ tonsils.
tubal
Encapsulated organs which contain both lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissue
are the _____, _____ and _____.
lymph nodes; thymus; spleen
The _____ is the tonsil found in the rear wall of the nasopharynx.
adenoid or pharyngeal tonsil
Connective tissue projecting into encapsulated lymphatic organs forms _____, which act
as supporting structures.
trabeculae
_____ are the small, roughly oval structures that occur along lymphatic vessels.
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are most abundant where _____ merge.
lymphatic vessels
Lymph enters a lymph node through _____ which enter the _____ side of the node.
afferent lymphatic vessels;
convex
Lymph leaves a lymph node through _____ which exit within an indentation called the
_____, on the _____ side of the node.
efferent lymphatic vessels;
hilum or hilus; concave
In lymph nodes, _____ are strands of reticular fibers around which lymphocytes and
macrophages cluster and which extend from the cortex toward the hilus (hilum).
medullary cords
_____ are open spaces within lymph nodes through which lymph flows.
Lymphatic sinuses
One of the functions of the lymph nodes is to filter out _____ or _____.
impurities; microorganisms
One of the functions of the lymph nodes is to house _____, which destroy _____, _____
and _____.
macrophages; bacteria; toxins;
debris
_____ within the lymph nodes screen the lymph as it enters, and differentiate to produce
_____ if an antigen is detected.
B-cells; antibodies
B-cells and macrophages proliferate in the _____ of lymph nodes.
cortex or outer layer
T-cells are found in lymph nodes, primarily in the _____.
medulla
The _____ is a lymphatic organ located between the lungs, immediately anterior to the
heart.
thymus
The thymus is largest during _____.
early childhood
An individual whose thymus was so small that it could not be found at autopsy was most
likely _____.
old
The thymus has _____ lobes.
two
. Each lobe of the thymus is surrounded by a(n) _____.
capsule
_____ are the divisions within the thymic lobe produced by inward extensions of the
capsule
Lobules
Each thymic lobule has two distinct regions: the _____ and the _____.
cortex; medulla
The major function of the thymus is to produce _____.
mature T lymphocytes (or
mature T-cells)
The largest lymphatic organ is the _____.
spleen
Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter the spleen through the _____, which
is on the upper surface
hilus or hilum
Reticular fibers and lymphocytes in the spleen form nodules which resemble those of
lymph nodes and which are called _____.
white pulp
The lymphocytes which are found in the thymus are almost exclusively _____.
T-cells or T lymphocytes
. _____ are rounded clusters of cells composed of epithelium; their function is unknown.
Thymic corpuscles (or Hassall's corpuscles
The blood vessels that supply the thymus are surrounded by _____ which limit the access
of immature T-cells to antigens.
epithelioreticular cells
Most of the blood delivered to the spleen does not pass directly from arteries to veins via
capillaries, but instead passes through a region of _____ circulation which has no direct
connection between the arterial and venous vessels.
open
Blood passing the regions in the spleen in which circulation is open enters the venous
system by first entering _____.
venous sinuses
The venous sinuses within the spleen, together with the associated fibrous network known
as the _____, are called _____.
splenic cords; red pulp
Splenic cords consist of _____, _____ and _____ which act to filter the blood.
reticular connective tissue;
macrophages; lymphocytes
The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to filter the _____.
blood
The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to provide a reservoir for _____.
blood
The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to provide a location for _____ and
_____ to proliferate.
B-cells; T-cells
The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to help with the production of _____
during fetal development.
blood cells
Although the lymphatic system is nearly as extensive as the circulatory system, lymph
capillaries are absent in _____, _____, _____ and the _____. These depend on other
routes for lymph drainage.
bones; teeth; bone marrow;
CNS
The spleen has five major functions, one of which is to destroy _____ and capture iron
and amino acids for recycling.
old RBCs
