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Health Assessment Lecture > Musculoskelatal System > Flashcards

Musculoskelatal System Flashcards

1
Q

junction of two or more bones

A

joint

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2
Q

stabilize the bones and allow a
specific type of movement

A

joint

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3
Q

2 types of Joint

A

NONSYNOVIAL
SYNOVIAL

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4
Q

Identify the type of joint
* bones are connected by fibrous tissue, or cartilage
* may be immovable

A

NONSYNOVIAL

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5
Q

Identify the type of joint
* move freely
* the bones are separate from each
other and meet in a cavity filled with
synovial fluid (lubricant)

A

SYNOVIAL

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6
Q

They contract and produce skeletal
movement when they receive a stimulus from the central nervous system (CNS) → both involuntary and voluntary muscle function.

A

Skeletal muscles

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7
Q

tough fibrous portions of muscle that attach the muscles to bone.

A

Tendons

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8
Q
  • sacs filled with friction-reducing synovial
    fluid
  • they’re located in areas of high
    friction such as the knee.
  • allow adjacent muscles or muscles and
    tendons to glide smoothly over each
    other during movement.
A

Bursae

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9
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Moves forward

A

Protraction

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10
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Moving backward

A

Retraction

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11
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Bending
- decreasing joint angle

A

Flexion

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12
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Straightening
- increasing the joint angle

A

Extension

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13
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- moving in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

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14
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- moving away from the midline

A

Abduction

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15
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Moving toward the midline

A

Adduction

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16
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning toward the midline

A

Internal Rotation

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17
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning away from the midline

A

External Rotation

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18
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning downward

A

Pronation

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19
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning upward

A

Supination

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20
Q

Types of Joint Movement
-Turning outward

A

Eversion

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21
Q

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning inward

A

Inversion

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22
Q

Nurse initiates movement of patients body to asses range of motion

A

Passive range of motion exercises

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23
Q

usual ROM of lateral bending of neck

A

40 degrees

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24
Q

ROM of neck when Flexing forward and extending backward respectively

A

45 degrees and 55 degrees

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25
Q

Normal rotation of head

A

70 degrees

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26
Q

ROM of abduction of shoulder

A

180 degrees

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27
Q

ROM of adduction of shoulder

A

50 degrees

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28
Q

Flexion ROM of shoulder

A

180

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29
Q

Extension ROM of shoulder

A

30 - 50 degrees

30
Q

ROM of external and internal rotation of the shoulder

A

90 degrees

31
Q

ROM of Elbow flexion and extention

A

90 degrees

32
Q

ROM of Elbow Pronation and Supination

A

90 degrees

33
Q

ROM of wrist: Ulnar deviation or laterally

A

55 degrees

34
Q

ROM of wrist: Radial Deviation or medially

A

20 degrees

35
Q

Wrist hyperextension ROM

A

70 degrees

36
Q

Wrist Flexion ROM

A

90 degrees

37
Q

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • Tinel’s sign
  • Phalen’s Maneuver
38
Q

Identify which test for carpal tunnel syndrome is being described
- done by lightly percussing transverse carpal ligament over median nerve where palm and wrist meet
- positive when action produces numbness and tingling into palm and finger

A

Tinel’s Sign

39
Q

Identify which test for carpal tunnel syndrome is being described
- have patient’s back of hands together and flex downwards at 90 degree angle
- if pain and numbness present then its positive

A

Phalen’s maneuver

40
Q

ROM of Finger extention

A

30 degrees

41
Q

ROM of finger flexion

A

90 degrees

42
Q

ROM of finger abduction and adduction

A

20 degrees

43
Q

Knees pointing out and patients leg is bowlegged

A

Genu Varum

44
Q

Patients have knocked knees with knees that turn in

A

Genu Valgum

45
Q

ROM of hip flexion

A

120 degrees

46
Q

ROM of hip extension

A

30 degrees

47
Q

ROM of hip internal rotation

A

40 degrees

48
Q

ROM of hip external rotation

A

45 degrees

49
Q

ROM of hip abduction

A

45 degrees

50
Q

ROM of hip adduction

A

30 degrees

51
Q

ROM of knee flexion

A

120 - 130 degrees

52
Q

ROM of hyperextending knee

A

15 degrees

53
Q

This sign indicates excess fluid in the joint

A

Bulge sign

54
Q

ROM of plantar flexion

A

45 degrees

55
Q

ROM of dorsiflexion

A

20 degrees

56
Q

ROM of inversion of ankle

A

30 degrees

57
Q

ROM for eversion of ankle

A

20 degrees

58
Q

Grading of Muscle Strength

A

5/5 - Full ROM against gravity and resistance

4/5 - Completes ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

3/5 - ROM completed against gravity only

2/5 - Full ROM with gravity eliminated (Passive motion)

1/5 - Patients attempt at muscle contraction palpable with no joint movement

0/5 - No evidence of muscle contraction

59
Q

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- plantar flexion of foot with toes bent toward instep
- its results from weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscle
- may stem from prolonged immobility

A

Foot Drop

60
Q

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- strong painful muscle contractions
- commonly occur on the calf
- result from simple muscle fatigue, exercise, electrolyte imbalance, neuromuscular disorders, and pregnancy

A

Muscle Spasms

61
Q

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- aka muscle wasting
- results from denervation or prolonged muscle disuse
- also results from aging

A

Muscle Atrophy

62
Q

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- abnormal crunching or grating heard and felt on the joint
- occurs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis
- occurs when patients broken pieces of bones rub together

A

Crepitus

63
Q

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- result from malfunction in cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, spinal cord, nerve roots, peripheral nerves, or myoneural junctions within muscle

A

Muscle Weakness

64
Q

5 P’s of musculoskeletal injury

A

Pain
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
Pulse

65
Q

5 P’s of Classic Signs of Compartment Syndrome

A

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesias
Paralysis
Pulselessness

66
Q

Theses nodes are typically seen in patients with osteoarthritis

A

Heberden’s and Bouchard’s Nodes

67
Q

its a chronic systemic inflammatory immune disorder commonly affecting bilateral joints of fingers, wrists, elbows, knees, or ankles as well as surrounding muscle, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

68
Q

It is a metabolic disorder where uric acid deposits in the joints causing joints to become painful, arthritic, red, and swollen. Skin temperature may be elevated due to irritation and inflammation

A

Gout

69
Q

A round enlarged fluid filled cyst commonly found on dorsal side of wrist. It may be nontender when it develops near a tender sheath. May be painful and may limit joint mobility

A

Ganglion

70
Q

A group of congenital disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles without neural or sensory defects

A

Muscular Dystrophy

71
Q

its when the patient is unable to lift their trunk without using hands and arms to brace and push. it indicates pelvic muscle weakness

A

Gower’s sign

Health Assessment Lecture (17 decks)

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