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Health Assessment Lecture > General Survey > Flashcards

General Survey Flashcards

1
Q

What must you do first when u see the patient

A

Observe and Assess

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2
Q

It begins with the opening moments of patient encounter. First impression of your patient

A

General Survey

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3
Q

What should we Assess?

A
  1. Apparent Health Status
  2. Signs of Consciousness
  3. Facial Characteristics
  4. Skin Color and Obvious Lesions
  5. Dress, Grooming, and Personal Hygiene
  6. Odors of Body and Breath
  7. Body type, Posture, Gait, and Motor Activity
  8. Speech
  9. Cultural Considerations
  10. Developmental Considerations
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4
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions belong to:
- Is the patient acutely or chronically ill?
- Is the patient frail?
- Is the patient fit or robust?
- Is the patient overweight or underweight?

A

Apparent State of Health

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5
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions belong to:
- Is the patient awake, alert, and responsive to you and others in the environment?
- Is the patient drowsy, lethargic, or stuporous
- Is the patient unconscious

A

Level Of Consciousness

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6
Q

Identify Signs of Distress :
- clutching the chest
- has pallor, cyanosis, or diaphoresis
- labored breathing, wheezing, or coughing

A

Cardiac or Respiratory Distress

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7
Q

Identify Signs of Distress :
- wincing, diaphoresis, protectiveness of painful area, unusual posture favoring one limb or region of body

A

Pain

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8
Q

Identify Signs of Distress :
- anxious facial expressions, fidgety movements, cold moist palms, inexpressive or flat effect, poor eye contact, or psychomotor slowing

A

Anxiety of Depression

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9
Q

Identify the Facial Characteristics:
- drooping of eyelid

A

Ptosis

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10
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions belong to:
- do you see pain, fear, anxiety
- does patient maintain eye contact
- is his or her facial expression happy or sad
- is the facial features symmetrical

A

Facial Characteristics

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11
Q

Identify the Facial Characteristics:
- indicates a transient ischemic attack or stroke

A

Drooping of one side of the face

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12
Q

Identify the Facial Characteristics:
- bulging or protruding eyeballs
- may suggest hyperthyroidism

A

Exophthalmos

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13
Q

Identify Skin color and Obvious Lesions:
- pale complexion or unusual lightness of skin color; may
indicate anemia, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency

A

Pallor

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14
Q

Identify Skin color and Obvious Lesions:
- bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane; may indicate poor oxygenation

A

Cyanosis

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15
Q

Identify Skin color and Obvious Lesions:
- yellowish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes
- may suggest underlying hepatobiliary tract disease

A

Jaundice

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16
Q

Identify Skin color and Obvious Lesions:
- medical term for mole
- common benign skin lesion but some may be malignant

A

Nevus

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17
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions belong to:
- how is patient dressed based on the environment
- how worn out is the patient’s shoes and clothing
- does patient have jewelry or tattoos
- does patients nails show signs of biting
- does the patient practice personal hygiene well

A

Dress, Grooming, and Personal Hygiene

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18
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions or facts belong to:
- can be important diagnostic clues
- fruity odor/ acetone breath may suggest high level of ketones
- other breath odors may suggest alcohol, presence of pulmonary infections, uremia, or liver failure

A

Odors of Body and Breath

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19
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions or facts belong to:
- the body type, posture, gait, and motor activity of the patient

A

Body type, posture, gait, and motor activity

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20
Q

Identify what these statements identify:
- patient’s body size and build in respect of his or her gender and age
- is patient stocky, slender, or average build
- Does patient have abnormal fat distribution?
- Does patient’s hand have clubbing, edema, and deformities

A

Body Type

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21
Q

A disorder where body makes to much cortisol. results in truncal obesity and buffalo hump

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

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22
Q

Excessive Abdominal fat

A

Truncal Obesity

23
Q

Collection of excess fat behind the neck

A

Buffalo Hump

24
Q

May reflect cardiopulmonary problem. they are found when observing the hands

A

Nail clubbing and edema

25
Q

Athritic changes

A

Deformities

26
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- Sitting upright

A

Left sided heart failure

27
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- leans forward with arms braced

A

COPD

28
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- agitated and restless

A

anxious

29
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- often avoid movement

A

patients in pain

30
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- abnormal thoracic curve of spine

A

Kyphosis

31
Q

Identify the problem by the posture of the patient:
- abnormal Lumbar curve of spine

A

Lordosis

32
Q

Manner of walking of a person. Has following questions
- how patient enters room
- are the patient’s movement smooth and coordinated
- does he or she need a cane or walker
- do u see a wide base of support with short stride
- It suggests musculoskeletal, or neurological problem

A

Gait

33
Q

Identify what the questions and facts point to:
- is there any involuntary motor activity
- are some parts immobile
- observe for tremors, involuntary movement, or paralysis
- can bedridden patient move from side to side, sit up in bed, and change positions
- how much assistance does the patient need to move

A

Motor activity

34
Q

Rhythmic oscillatory movements and can be subdivided into 3 sub groups

A

Tremors

35
Q

Identify which tremor sub group:
- most prominent at rest and may decrease or disappear with voluntary movement

A

Resting or static tremors

36
Q

Identify which tremor sub group:
- appear when affected part is actively maintaining a posture

A

Postural Tremors

37
Q

Identify which tremor sub group:
- absent at rest, appear with movement and often gets worse as the target gets closer
- causes include cerebellar disorders

A

Intention Tremors

38
Q

Movement that is not done consciously

A

Involuntary Movement

39
Q

They are arrhythmic, repetitive,bizarre movements that chiefly involve face, mouth, jaw, and tongue. Person does grimacing, pursing of lips, protrusions of tongue, and opening and closing of mouth.

A

Oral Facial Dyskinesias

40
Q

These are brief repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movements occurring at irregular intervals

A

Tics

41
Q

Its similar to athetoid movements but involve larger parts of the body. Results in grotesque twisted postures of body

A

Dystonia

42
Q

Causes more slower and more twisting and writhing that choreiform movements and have larger amplitude. Commonly involves face and the distal extremities

A

Athetosis

43
Q

Choreiform movements are brief, rapid, jerky, irregular, and unpredictable. Occurs at rest or interrupt normal coordinated movements. Seldom repeats. Involves face, head, lower arms, and hands

A

Chorea

44
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions or facts belong to:
- what is your patient’s speech pattern and pace
- is your patient’s response appropriate
- Note the tone and quality of patient’s voice
- Patients vocabulary and sentence structure offer clues to his or her educational level

A

Speech

45
Q

what can we conclude with from a patients speech:
- pressured, inappropriate response, and illogical or incoherent

A

may be associated with psychiatric disorders

46
Q

what can we conclude with from a patients speech:
- pressured and hurried

A

may also be seen as hyperthyroidism

47
Q

what can we conclude with from a patients speech:
- changes in voice quality

A

Cranial nerve IX lesion may be present

48
Q

what can we conclude with from a patients speech:
- garbled
- indicates problem on language centers of the brain

A

associated with strokes

49
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these facts or questions belong to:
- note down any cultural influences that affect physical characteristics, response to pain, dress, and grooming, and hygiene.
- it also influences person’s verbal and non verbal communication

A

Cultural Considerations

50
Q

Identify what factors during assessment these questions belong to:
- how we interact and assess patient must be appropriate with their condition, experience, or age

A

Developmental Considerations

51
Q

Developmental Considerations
- Children

A
  • Behavior should correspond with the child’s developmental level
  • Children tend to regress when ill
  • Take note of the relationship between child and parent
52
Q

Developmental Considerations
- Pregnant

A
  • General appearance should reflect gestational age
  • Look for normal changes that occur with
    pregnancy, such as wide base of support
    and lordosis
  • Look for swelling
  • Note patient’s affect and response to
    pregnancy
53
Q

Developmental Considerations
- OLDER ADULTS

A
  • Look for normal changes that occur with
    aging
  • Look for clues of decreasing ability to
    function, especially dressing and grooming
    problems
  • Pay attention to affect
  • Note changes in mental status

Health Assessment Lecture (17 decks)

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