Assessing Cardiovascular Flashcards
defined as the succession of
coordinated events taking place in the heart during each beat.
Cardiac Cycle
Each heart beat consists of two parts
SYSTOLE (Ventricular contraction)
DIASTOLE (Ventricular relaxation)
volume of blood pumped
out of the heart during each Systolic Cardiac contraction.
Stroke Volume
speed of heartbeat measured by the number of contractions (beats) of heart per minute (bpm).
Heart Rate
the amount of blood the heart pumps (SV) through the circulatory system in a minute (HR).
Cardiac Output
How to calculate for cardiac output
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac
Output
Blood flow in Heart
- Superior vena Cava or Inferior Vena Cava
- Right Atrium
- Triscupid Valve
- Right Ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary Artery
- Lungs
- Pulmonary Vein
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Aorta
Identify the Four (4) Heart Sounds
▪ Marks the beginning of systole (end of diastole)
▪ It resembles to spoken word “Lub”
▪ Loudest at the apex and lower left sternal border
First heart sound: S1
Identify the Four (4) Heart Sounds
▪ Marks the end of systole (beginning of diastole
▪ It resembles to spoken word “Dub”
▪ Loudest at the base
Second heart sound: S2
Identify the Four (4) Heart Sounds
▪ Heard in early diastole
▪ This may be a normal sound in some people but in people with heart conditions may indicate heart failure.
Third heart sound: S3
Identify the Four (4) Heart Sounds
▪ Low-intensity sound heard just before S1 in the cardiac cycle
▪ The sudden slowing of blood flow by the
ventricle as the atrium contracts causes this sound.
▪ May be a sign of heart disease.
Fourth heart sound: S4
How to tell JVP from Carotid Pulse: P.O.L.I.C.E
Palpation
Occlusion
Location
Inspiration
Contour
Erection and Position
What is considered elevated pressure
- measurements above 3 to 4 cm
- (may indicate
right-sided heart failure)
What to note when Palpating the carotid artery?
(assessing rate, rhythm,
amplitude, contour, symmetry, elasticity)
- (a blowing or swishing sound)
- created by
turbulence of blood flow due either to a
narrowed arterial lumen
bruit
- vibrating sensation like the purring of a cat or water running through a hose.
Thrill
Locations for Auscultating
the precordium: Always Pray to Mary
✓ Apex
✓ Mitral
✓ Tricuspid
✓ Erb’s point
✓ Base
✓ Murmurs
4 tests to assess peripheral-
vascular flow
❑ Allen test
❑ Ankle-brachial index
❑ Manual compression test
❑ Trendelenburg test
Identify the test for assessing peripheral vascular flow
- first-line standard test used to
assess the arterial blood supply of the hand.
- performed whenever intravascular
access to the radial artery is planned or for selecting patients for radial artery harvesting, such as for coronary artery bypass grafting or for forearm flap elevation.
Allens Test
Identify the test for assessing peripheral vascular flow
- simple test that compares the blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs.
- calculated by dividing the blood pressure in an artery of the ankle by the blood pressure in an artery of the arm.
ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI)
Identify the test for assessing peripheral vascular flow
- performing manual compression to assess competence of venous valves in clients with varicose veins.
MANUAL COMPRESSION TEST
Identify the test for assessing peripheral vascular flow
- useful procedure for detecting hip-joint dysfunction.
TRENDELENBURG SIGN
Positive Signs for Trendelenburg sign
- patient is unable to maintain the pelvis horizontal to the floor while standing first on one foot and then on the other foot.
- indicates weakness in the hip abductor muscles: gluteus medius and gluteus
minimus
