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Health Assessment Lecture > Assessment of Head and Its Structures > Flashcards

Assessment of Head and Its Structures Flashcards

1
Q

part of a human body which
includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks,
chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which
aid in various sensory functions such as
sight, hearing, smell, and taste,

A

THE HEAD

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2
Q

Parts of the Head

A
  • ## Ears
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3
Q

MAJOR SENSORY ORGANS IN THE HEAD:

The outer, middle, and inner ear are
responsible for collecting auditory
information. Responsible for hearing and balance

A

Ears

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4
Q

MAJOR SENSORY ORGANS IN THE HEAD:

  • valuable sense organ that gives us the ability to see.
  • It allows for light perception and vision, including the ability to differentiate between colors and depth.
A

Eyes

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5
Q

MAJOR SENSORY ORGANS IN THE HEAD:
- contains the teeth, tonsils, and tongue.
- 2 main functions: Eating and speaking
- Three nerves (facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus) sends taste information to the brain and interpreted.
- The tongue enables speaking; its movement inside the mouth helps form sounds that become words.

A

Mouth

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6
Q

MAJOR SENSORY ORGANS IN THE HEAD:
- Responsible for smelling
- Olfactory nerves in your upper nasal cavity send messages to your brain to help you distinguish an infinite number of smells.
- Gateway to Respiratory System, the body’s
system for breathing

A

Nose

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7
Q

NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Size, shape and
symmetry

A
  • fiounded (normocephalic)
  • Symmetrical
  • Smooth skull contour
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8
Q

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Size, shape and
symmetry

A
  • Lack of symmetry (asymmetry)
  • Increased skull size
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9
Q

NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Nodules, masses
and depressions

A
  • Smooth, uniform in consistency
  • Absence of nodules or masses
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10
Q

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Nodules, masses
and depressions

A
  • Sebaceous cysts
  • Local deformities from trauma
  • Masses and nodules
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11
Q

NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Facial features

A
  • Symmetrical
  • Palpebral fissures equal in size
  • Symmetrical nasolabial folds
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12
Q

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Facial features

A
  • Asymmetrical
  • Exophthalmos
  • Myxedema facies
  • Moon face
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13
Q

NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Eyes

A

No edema

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14
Q

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Eyes

A
  • Periorbital edema
  • Sunken eyes
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15
Q

NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Symmetry of facial movements

A

Symmetric facial movements

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16
Q

DEVIATION FROM NORMAL SKULL AND FACE CHARACTERISTIC: Symmetry of facial movements

A
  • Asymmetric facial movements
  • Drooping of lower eyelid and mouth
  • Involuntary facial movements
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17
Q

THE EXTERNAL EYE Structures

A
  • eyelids
  • conjunctiva,
  • lacrimal apparatus,
  • cornea,
  • anterior chamber
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18
Q

Parts of the Eyes External

A
  • Eyelid
  • Pupil
  • Sclera
  • Iris
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19
Q

Parts of the Eyes Internal

A
  • Cillary Body
  • Cornea
  • Iris
  • Lens
  • Sclera
  • Retina
  • Choroid
  • Optic Nerve
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20
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE Includes

A

▪External eye structure
▪Visual fields
▪Extra ocular muscle test
▪Visual acuity

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21
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE EQUIPMENT

A

▪ Cotton tip applicator
▪Gauze pad
▪Clean gloves
▪Millimeter ruler
▪Penlight
▪Snellen’s or Echart
▪Opaque card

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22
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Eyebrows

A

▪ Hair distribution and alignment
▪Symmetry
▪Skin quality
▪movement

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23
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Eye lashes

A

▪ Evenness of distribution
▪Direction of curl

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24
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Eye lids

A

▪ Surface characteristics
▪Position in relation to cornea
▪Ability to blink and frequency of
blinking
▪Lesions/ edema / stye /
signs of infection

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25
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

A

▪ Color
▪Texture
▪Presence of lesions

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26
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct

A

▪ Edema
▪ Tenderness
▪ Evidence of tearing

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27
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Cornea

A

▪ Clarity and texture
▪ Perform corneal
sensitivity test

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28
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: Pupils

A

▪ Color
▪ Shape
▪ Symmetry of size
▪ PERLA (pupils are round and react to light and accommodation)

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29
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: VISUAL FIELDS Normal

A

When looking straight ahead, client can see objects in the periphery

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30
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: VISUAL FIELDS DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • Visual fields smaller than the normal
  • One half vision in on or both eyes
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31
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLE TEST NORMAL

A

Both eyes coordinated, move in unison, with parallel alignment

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32
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLE TEST DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • eye movements not coordinated or parallel
  • Strabismus (cross eye)
  • Nystagmus
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33
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: VISUAL ACUITY Normal

A
  • Near Vision: Able to read newsprint/ magazine
  • Distant Vision: (Snellen’s Chart) 20/20 vision on Snellen’s type chart
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34
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE: VISUAL ACUITY DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • Difficulty reading newsprint
  • Denominator of 40 or more on Snellen-type chart with corrective lenses
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35
Q

REFRACTIVE ERRORS

A

▪Myopia
▪Hyperopia
▪Presbyopia
▪Astigmatism

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36
Q

IDENTIFY THE REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- Nearsightedness

A

Myopia

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37
Q

IDENTIFY THE REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- Farsightedness

A

Hyperopia

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38
Q

IDENTIFY THE REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus
loss of ability to see close objects

A

Presbyopia

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39
Q

IDENTIFY THE REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- An uneven curvature of the cornea
that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina

A

Astigmatism

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40
Q

Inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

A

CONJUNCTIVITIS

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41
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

DACRYOCYSTITIS

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42
Q

fiedness, swelling and
tenderness of the hair follicle

A

HORDEOLUM (STY)

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43
Q

Inflammation of the iris

A

IRITIS

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44
Q

“Black eye” resulting from
injury

A

CONTUSION or HEMATOMA

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45
Q

Opacity of lens and its
capsule

A

CATARACTS

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46
Q

A disturbance in the
circulation of aqueous fluid
which causes an increase in
intra ocular pressure

A

GLAUCOMA

47
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE EAR

A

Hearing and Balance

48
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE EAR: Hearing

A

The eardrum vibrates when sound
waves enter the ear canal and pass vibrations to the oval window, which is a membrane at the entrance to the inner ear.

49
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE EAR: Balance

A

Balance is achieved through a
combination of the sensory organ in the inner ear, visual input, and information received from receptors in the body, especially around joints.

50
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EAR Includes

A

▪Auricle
▪external ear canal
▪Tympanic membrane
▪Hearing acuity

51
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EAR Techniques used

A

Inspection and Palpation

52
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE EAR EQUIPMENT

A
  • Otoscope
  • Ear specula
  • Clean gloves
53
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): Color Normal

A
  • Same as facial skin
54
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Color

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Pallor
  • excessive redness
55
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): NORMAL Symmetry of size

A

Symmetrical

56
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): Symmetry of size DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A

Asymmetrical

57
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): Position NORMAL

A

Auricle aligned with outer cantus of eye
about 10 degree from vertical

58
Q

AURICLE(INSPECTION): Position DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A

Low set ears

59
Q

AURICLE(PALPATION): Texture elasticity
and areas of tenderness NORMAL

A
  • Mobile, firm and non tender
  • Pinna recoils after it is folded
60
Q

AURICLE(PALPATION): Texture elasticity
and areas of tenderness DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL

A
  • Lesions
  • Flaky, scaly skin
  • Tenderness
61
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANICMEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: Normal External
ear canal

A
  • Distal third contains hair follicles and
    glands
62
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: DEVIATION FROM NORMAL External ear canal

A
  • redness and discharge
  • Scaling
63
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: NORMAL Cerumen

A
  • Dry cerumen
  • Grayish tan color
  • Sticky wet cerumen in various shades of brown
64
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Cerumen

A
  • Excessive cerumen
  • Obstructing canal
65
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: NORMAL Tympanic
membrane (color and gloss)

A
  • Pearly gray color
  • semitransparent
66
Q

EXTERNALEAR AND TYMPANIC MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTIC: DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Tympanic membrane (color and gloss)

A
  • Pink to red
  • Some opacity
  • Yellow amber or deep red dull surface
67
Q

GROSS HEARING ACUITY TESTS

A
  • Watch tick test
  • Whisper test
  • Tuning fork tests
68
Q

Tuning fork tests

A
  • Weber’s test
  • Rinne test
69
Q

WATCH TICK TEST

A

*With eyes closed, the patient should be instructed to acknowledge hearing the gentle rubbing of the examiner’s fingers approximately 3-4 inches away from his right and left ear.
*A watch, which the examiner can hear at a specific distance from his ear, is placed next to the patient’s ear. Ask him to note when the watch sound disappears. Note that the examiner has to have normal hearing to do this exam (in at least one ear).

70
Q

WATCH TIC TESTS Normal Findings

A

*In a quiet room, the patient should be able to hear the physician’s fingers rubbed lightly together 3-4 inches from his ear.

71
Q

WATCH TIC TESTS With aging

A
  • Progressive bilateral presbycusis (old hearing): Sensory neural loss
  • Difficulty appreciating consonants
72
Q

Whisper Voice Test

A
  • stand an arm’s length away
    (approximately 2 ft.) behind the patient.
  • cover ear of patient that is not being tested by putting their finger over the tragus.”
  • take a deep breath and exhale fully
    before whispering the number-letter
    combination.
  • Have the patient repeat what they hear.
  • If the patient successfully repeats,
    move on to testing the other ear.
  • If the patient is unsuccessful, reattempt
    testing with a different number-letter-
    number combination. If a patient gets 3
    total letters and/or numbers correct
    after a second attempt, it is considered
    a pass.
  • Remember to document the results.
73
Q

Whisper Voice Test Normal Findings

A

Patient repeats sequence correctly

74
Q

Whisper Voice Test Abnormal Findings

A

4 of the 6 possible numbers and letters are incorrect.

75
Q

AUDITORY ACUITY TEST Identification
- test for lateralization.
- uses tuning fork

A

Weber test

76
Q

WEBER’S TEST NORMAL

A

Sound is heard in both ears or is localized at the center of the head (Weber negative)

77
Q

WEBER’S TEST ABNORMAL

A
  • Bone conductive hearing loss
  • Sensory neural disturbances
    (Weber positive)
78
Q

AUDITORY ACUITY TEST Identify
- evaluates hearing loss by comparing air conduction to bone conduction.

Notes: Air conduction hearing
occurs through air near the ear.

A

Rinne Test

79
Q

RINNE TEST Normal

A
  • AC > BC
  • Positive fiinne
80
Q

RINNE TEST abnormal

A
  • BC > AC
  • BC = AC
  • Negative fiinne
81
Q

ASSESSMENT of NOSE AND SINUSES Techniques

A

Inspection and Palpation

82
Q

ASSESSMENT of NOSE AND SINUSES EQUIPMENT

A

❑Nasal speculum
❑Penlight
❑Clean gloves
❑Gauze pads

83
Q

ASSESSMENT OF THE NOSE

A

▪ Inspect nose for any deviations in: shape, size, color, flaring or discharges from nares

▪Lightly palpate the external nose for: tenderness, masses, and displacement of bone and cartilage

▪Determine patency of both nasal cavities

▪ Inspect the nasal cavities using nasal speculum. Observe mucosa for redness, swelling, growths and discharges

▪Inspect the nasal septum between the nasal chambers

▪Palpate the maxillary and frontal sinuses for tenderness

84
Q

ASSESSMENT of MOUTH AND OROPHARYNX Techniques

A

▪ Inspection
▪ Palpation

85
Q

ASSESSMENT of MOUTH AND OROPHARYNX Techniques EQUIPMENT

A

▪ Clean gloves
▪ Tongue depressor
▪ Gauze pads
▪ Penlight

86
Q

LIPS AND BUCALMUCOSA
(INSPECTION): NORMAL Outer Lips
Symmetry, contour, color, texture and
ability to purse lips

A
  • Uniform pink color, soft, moist and smooth
  • Symmetrical
  • Able to purse lips
87
Q

LIPS AND BUCALMUCOSA
(INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Outer Lips Symmetry,contour, color, texture and ability to purse lips

A
  • Pallor, cyanosis
  • Blisters, swelling, scaling
  • Inability to purse lips
88
Q

LIPS AND BUCALMUCOSA
(INSPECTION): NORMAL Inner Lips and
Buccal Mucosa

  • Color, moisture, texture and
    presence of lesions
A
  • Uniform pink color, soft, moist
    and smooth
  • Glistening and elastic texture
89
Q

LIPS AND BUCALMUCOSA
(INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM NORMAL Inner Lips and Buccal Mucosa

  • Color, moisture, texture and
    presence of lesions
A
  • Pallor, leukoplakia (white patches), red, bleeding
  • Ixcessive dryness
  • Mucosal cysts, irritation from dentures
  • Abrasions, ulcerations, nodules
90
Q

TONGUE/FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
(INSPECTION): NORMAL Position, color,
texture

A
  • Central position
  • Pink color
  • Smooth, lateral margins
  • No lesions
  • fiaised papillae (taste buds)
91
Q

TONGUE/FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
(INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM NORMAL Position, color, texture

A
  • Deviated from venter
  • fied tongue
  • Dry, furry tongue (fluid deficit)
  • White coating (yeast infection)
  • Nodules, ulcerations, ulcerations, tenderness
92
Q

TEETH AND GUMS (INSPECTION): Normal

A
  • 32 adult teeth
  • Smooth, white, shiny tooth enamel
  • Pink gums
  • Moist, firm texture of gums
  • No retraction of gums
93
Q

TEETH AND GUMS (INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • Missing teeth, ill fitting dentures
  • Brown/black discoloration of enamel (Dental caries)
  • Excessively red gums
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
94
Q

TONGUE/FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
(INSPECTION/PALPATION)

A
  • Inspect tongue
    movement
  • Inspect base of tongue,
    mouth floor & frenulum
  • Palpate tongue and floor
    of mouth
95
Q

TONGUE/FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
(INSPECTION/PALPATION): Normal Findings

A
  • Moves freely
  • No tenderness
  • No palpable nodules
96
Q

TONGUE/FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
(INSPECTION/PALPATION): DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • Swelling
  • Ulcerations
  • nodules
97
Q

SALIVARY GLANDS (INSPECTION): Normal Salivary duct openings

A
  • Same as color of buccal mucosa and
    floor of the mouth
98
Q

SALIVARY GLANDS (INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM NORMAL Salivary duct openings

A
  • Inflammation (redness and swelling)
99
Q

Inspect PALATES AND UVULA

A

▪ Inspect the hard and soft palate: color, shape, texture and presence of bony prominences
▪Inspect the uvula: position and mobility

100
Q

OROPHARYNX (INSPECTION): Normal Color and texture

A

Pink, smooth posterior wall

101
Q

OROPHARYNX (INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM NORMALColor and texture

A
  • fieddened and edematous
  • Presence of lesions
102
Q

Tonsils (INSPECTION): Normal Color
Discharge Size

A
  • Pink color
  • Smooth texture
  • No discharge
  • Normal size
103
Q

Tonsils (INSPECTION): DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Color Discharge Size

A
  • Inflamed
  • Presence of discharge
  • Swollen
104
Q

Inspection of Gag Reflex: Normal

A

it is Present

105
Q

Inspection of Gag Reflex: Abnormal

A

Absent of Gag reflex

106
Q

ASSESSMENT NECK Includes:

A

▪Neck muscles
▪Lymph nodes
▪Trachea
▪Thyroid gland
▪Carotid arteries and jugular vein

107
Q

NECK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

A

❑ Inspection

❑ Palpation

❑ Auscultation

108
Q

ASSESSMENT of NECK MUSCLES

A

▪ Inspect the neck muscles

▪ Observe head movements:

▪ Assess the muscle strength

109
Q

ASSESSMENT of LYMPH NODES

A

Palpate the entire lymph node for enlargement
- Preauricular
- Parotid
- Posterior Auricular
- Occipital
- Tonsilar
- Submandibular
- Submental
- Superficial Cervical
- Posterior Cervical
- Supraclavicular

110
Q

TRACHEA(PALPATION): Normal Lateral deviation

A

Central placement in midline of neck

111
Q

TRACHEA (PALPATION): DEVIATION FROM
NORMAL Lateral deviation

A

Deviation on one side (Neck tumor, thyroid or lymph node enlargement)

112
Q

THYROID GLAND (INSPECTION/PALPATION) Normal

A
  • Not visible on inspection
  • Lobes may not be palpated
  • Not enlarged
  • No nodules/masses
113
Q

THYROID GLAND (INSPECTION/PALPATION) DEVIATION FROM NORMAL

A
  • Local enlargement
  • Inlarged
  • Solitary nodules/masses

Health Assessment Lecture (17 decks)

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