MUSCULAR SYSTEM (SOC 14) Flashcards
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES IN OUR SYSTEM:
EACH MUSCLE IS MADE UP OF LOTS OF CELLS.
VOLUNTARY.
INVOLUNTARY.
CARDIAC.
MUSCLES = PROTEIN.
VOLUNTARY:
UNDER YOUR CONTROL, YOU CHOOSE EITHER TO CONTRACT OR RELAX YOUR MUSCLES.
MADE UP OF CYLINDAR SHAPED FIBRES.
43% OF MEN’S BODY WEIGHT IS MUSCLE ON AVERAGE.
RELAX = TRICEPS.
INVOLUNTARY:
INVOLUNTARY MUSLCES ARE NOT UNDER YOUR CONTROL. THEY RELAX AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED BY INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM.
MADE UP OF SPINDLE SHAPED FIBRES, HELPS DISTRIBUTE BLOOD WHERE MOST NEEDED.
THIS COULD RELATE TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WHERE ALL THE NUTRIENTS IN THE FOOD GOES TO THE BLOOD STREAM WHICH THEN TAKES IT TO THE HEART WHERE ALL THE BLOOD CELLS TRANSPORT ALL THE BLOOD TO THE IMPORTANT MUSCLES BASICALLY (ALL AROUND THE BODY) OTHER BLOOD CELLS SUCH AS WHITE THEY ARE FOR MORE WHEN YOU GET INJURED OR HURT.
CARDIAC:
CARDIAC MUSLCES ARE FOUND IN THE WALL OF THE HEART, ITS VERY SPECIALLISED.
THESE FIBRES CAN SPREAD ELECTRONIC SIGNALS FROM THE BRAIN RIGHT THROUGH TO THE HEART.
REGULATES YOUR HEART RATE, PUMPS BLOOD IN THE BEST WAY FOR YOU POSSIBLE.
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES IN MORE DEPTH (MUSCLES):
SKELETAL, SMOOTH & CARDIAC MUSCLES.
DELTOID:
LOCATION: SHOULDER.
FUNCTION: MOVE THE ARM IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: SERVING IN TENNIS.
PACTORALLS MAJOR:
LOCATION: CHEST.
FUNCTION: ADDUCT ARM AT SHOULDER.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: FOREHAND DRIVE IN TENNIS.
LATISSIMUS DORSI:
LOCATION: ARM AT SHOULDER.
FUNCTION: ADDUCT AND EXTEND THE ARM AT SHOULDER.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: BUTTERFLY STROKE IN SWIMMING.
BICEPS:
LOCATION: BROAD SHEET OF MUSCLE THAT EXTENDS FROM THE LOWER REGION OF THE SPINE.
FUNCTIONS: ADDUCT AND EXTEND THE ARM AT THE SHOULDER.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PULL - UP, DRAWING A BOW IN ARCHERY.
TRICEPS:
BACK OF THE UPPER ARM.
FUNCTION: EXTEND THE ARM AT THE ELBOW.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PRESS - UP, THROWING A JAVELIN.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES:
LOCATION: ABDOMINAL MUSCLES.
FUNCTIONS: FLEX AND ROTATE THE SPINAL COLUMN; ONE SIDE CONTRACTING CREATES A SIDE BEND.
EXAMPLES IN SPORT: CRUNCHES IN GYM.
GLUTEALS:
LOCATION: FORM THE BUTTOCKS. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS LIES UNDER THE SKIN AND ATTACHED TO THE FEMUR (MAIN LEG BONE).
FUNCTION: ADDUCT AND EXTEND AT HIPS, PULL THE LEG BACKWARDS.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: PULLING BACK LEG BEFORE KICKING A BALL.
HIP FLEXORS:
LOCATION: FRONT OF THE HIP.
FUNCTION: FLEX HIP, HELP MOVE THE LEG AND KNEE UP TOWARDS THE BODY.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: LIFTING KNEES HIGH IN SPRINTS.
QUADRICEPTS:
LOCATION: FOUR MUSCLES FOUND ON THE UPPER LEG.
FUNCTION: EXTEND THE LEG AT THE KNEE.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: KICKING A BALL, JUMPING UPWARDS.
HAMSTRINGS:
LOCATION: BACK OF THE LEG.
FUNCTION: FLEX THE LEG AT THE KNEE.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: BENDING KNEE BEFORE KICKING A BALL (FOOTBALL).
GASTROCNEMIUS:
LOCATION: BACK OF THE FEMUR (MAIN LEG MUSCLE).
FUNCTION: POINT TOES (PLANTI - FLEXION), HELP FLEX THE KNEE.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: RUNNING.
TIBIALIS:
LOCATION: RUNS DOWN THE SHIN.
FUNCTION: PULL THE TOES UP TOWARDS THE SHIN (DORSI - FLEXION).
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: SKI JUMPING.
(ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS) WHAT ARE THE 3 PAIRS OF MUSCLES WHO WORK IN PAIRS:
BICEPS & TRICEPS.
HAMSTRINGS & QUADRICEPTS.
TIBILA & ANTERIOR.
ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS:
IT CAN PRODUCE MOVEMENT IN ONE DIRECTION (MUSCLES CAN ONLY PULL NOT PUSH).
TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM, SOME MUSCLES ARE ARRANGED IN TWOS, CALLED AN ANTAGONISTIC (ANGRY FACE) THIS IS TO ALLOW THE JOINT TO MOVE.
EXAMPLE IN SPORT: IF YOUR A WINGER IN FOOTBAL AND YOUR RECIEVING A LOBBED BALL FROM THE RIGHT BACK, YOU WOULD NEED TO USE A ANTAGONISTIC PAIR OF MUSCLES WHICH ARE THE HAMSTRINGS AND QUADRICEPTS. WHEN YOU ARE EXTENDING YOUR LEG TO REACH THE BALL YOU WOULD NEED TO USE YOUR QUADRICEPTS, AS YOUR BRINGING DOWN THE BALL AND BENDING DOWN YOUR LEG TO CONTROL THE BALL YOU WOULD NEED TO USE YOUR HAMSTRINGS.
MUSCLE FIBRES:
MAKE UP VOLUNTARY (SKELETAL) MUSCLE: TYPE 1, 2A, 2X
TYPE 1 = SLOW TWITCH FIBRES (DARK), SUITED TO LOW INTENSITY WORK, MARATHON RUNNERS RUN LONGER PERIODS WITHOUT FATIGUING.
TYPE 2X = FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES (LIGHT COLOUR) USED IN ANAEROBIC WORK AND CAN GENERATE MUCH GREATER FORCE THAN OTHER FIBRE TYPES.
FAST TWICTH = FAST (TYPE 2A & 2X) (LIGHT COLOUR) - THEY DO NOT USE O2 TO MAKE ENERGY.
MYOGLOBIN = RED PIGMENT THAT TRANSPORT OXYGEN TO THE MUSCLES.
ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS = MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE MOVEMENT.
DIFFERENT QUANTITIES DEPEND ON YOUR SPORT & HOW IT PUSHES YOU IN A CERTAIN DIRECTION.
ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS: MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE MOVEMENT.
HOW THE SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER:
MUSCULAR SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF MORE THAN 600 MUSCLES, SKELETAL & MUSCULAR WORK TOGETHER (MUSCULOSKELETAL). ALL MUSCLES ARE CONNECTED TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WHICH ALLOWS MOVEMENT TO START THROUGH SIGNALS FROM BRAIN.
TOGETHER THEIR MAIN FUNCTION IS TO CREATE MOVEMENT, KEEP YOU STABLE, GIVE YOU POSTURE & PROTECT.
BONES WHICH MOVE WHILE DOING A CERTAIN MOVEMENT:
THIS FUNCTION IS CALLED THE (POINT OF INSERTION) OG.
BONES WHICH DO NOT MOVE WHILE DOING A CERTAIN MOVEMENT:
THIS FUNCTION IS CALLED (POINT OF ORIGIN) WORKER.
THERE IS THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES FIBRES, WHAT ARE THEY?
Type 1, Type 2, Type 2x
WHEN A SPRINTER STARTS A 100M RACE, PUSHING OUT THE BLOCKS HE WILL USE HIS_____FIBRES?
Type 2a
WHEN THE DELTOID IS CONTRASTING & CAUSING SHOULDER ABDUCTION, WHICH MUSCLE IS ACTING AS THE ANTAGONIST?
Pectoralis Major
