Muscular System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue
A
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2
Q
What are tendons
A
connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone
flexible and bend @ joint
help cushion sudden movement
3
Q
What are ligaments
A
connective tissue connects bone to bone
stabilize joint where bone meet
4
Q
Define origin
Define Insertion
Define Action
Define Innervation
A
bony site of attachment: stationary
bony site of attachment: moved muscle contraction
Effect from muscle contraction
peripheral nerve supplies muscle with message from the brain
5
Q
Orbicularis Oculi
A
A: eye closure
N: CN VII
6
Q
Orbicularis Oris
A
A: mouth close, protrude lip, press lip against teeth
N: CN VII
7
Q
Zygomaticus major/minor
A
A: pull corners of lip up
N: CN VII
8
Q
Risorius
A
A: pull corner of mouth posteriorly
N: CN VII
9
Q
Frontalis
A
A: raise eyebrow
N: CN VII
10
Q
Buccinator
A
A: compress cheeks
N: CN VII
11
Q
Masseter
A
A: jaw closure
N: trigeminal CN V- mandibular branch
12
Q
Temporalis
A
A: elevate mandible, close jaw
N: Trigeminal CN V- mandibular branch
13
Q
Semispinalis Capitis
A
O: articular process of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
I: occipital bone
A: bilateral extend head, lateral flex to same side
N: spinal nerves
14
Q
Sternocleidomastoid
A
O: sternal end of clavicle and manubrim
I: mastoid of skull
A: bilateral neck flexion, unilateral turn face to one side
N: accessory nerve
15
Q
Splenis capitis
A
O: spinous process of inferior cervical vertebrae
I: mastoid process, occipital bone of skull,
A: bilateral extend head, unilateral flex neck to same side
N: cervical spinal nerves
16
Q
Longissimus cervicis
A
O: transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
I: transverse process of middle and cervical vertebrae
A: bilateral extend head, unilateral flex neck laterally
N: thoracic and cervical spinal nerves
17
Q
Thyrohyoid
A
O: thyroid cartilage of larynx
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate thyroid, depress hyoid bone
N: hypoglossal nerve
18
Q
Scalenes: anterior/posterior/middle
A
O: transverse process C2-C7
I: 1+2 rib
A: elevate rib 1 + 2
N: cervical spinal
19
Q
Spinalis
A
medial column of erector spinae: 3 divisions:
spinous thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis
20
Q
Longissimus
A
intermediate column of erector spinae
3 division: longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis
21
Q
Ilicostals
A
lateral column of erector spinae
3 division: iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis
22
Q
Rectus Abdominus
A
O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: pubis, cartilage of rib 5-7, xiphoid proces
A: flex spine, compress abdominal vertebrae
N: spinal nerve T7-T12
23
Q
External Oblique
A
O: sternum, rib 5-12
I: linea alba, iliac crest
A: bilateral flex spine, compress abdomen; unilateral flex trunk to same side, rotate opposite side
N: lower intercostal, ilioguinal nerve
24
Q
Internal Oblique
A
O: iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I: inferior rib, linea alba
A: compress abdomen, depress rib, flex spine
N: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerve
25
Transverse abdominis
O: lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
I: linea alba, pubis
A: compress abdomen
N: first lumbar nerve, ilihypogastric, ilioinguinal
26
Diaphram
O: cartilage of rib 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae
I: anterior longitudinal ligament
A: expand thoracic cavity, compress abdominal cavity
N: phrenic nerve 3-5
27
Internal Intercostal
O: superior border rib 2-12
I: inferior rib 1-11
A: depress rib- forced expiration
N: intercostal nerve
28
External Intercostal
O: lower border of rib 1-11
I: upper border of rib below 1-12
A: elevate rib- normal respiration
N: intercostal nerve
29
Trapezius
O: occipital bone, spinous process T1-12
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine of scapula
A: rotation, retraction, elevation, depression, of scapula, extend neck and stabilize shoulder
N: accessory
30
Levator Scapulae
O: transverse process C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula
A: elevate scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve
31
Rhomboid major/minor
O: spinous process major( T2-5), minor( C7-T1)
I: medial border of scapula
A: retract scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve
32
Pectoralis Minor
O: rib 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
A: elevate rib, draw scapula down and medially
N: medial pectoral nerve
33
Serratus Anterier
O: upper 8-9 rib
I: medial border scapula
A: protract scapula
N: long thoracic nerve
34
Deltoid: anterior, posterior, middle
O: clavicle and scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: ABD at shoulder
N: Axillary
35
Pectoralis
O: rib 2-6, body of sternum
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: flex, ADD, med rotation at shoulder
N: pectoral
36
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: ABD at shoulder
N: suprascapular nerve
37
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinatus fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation at shoulder
N: suprascapular nerve
38
Teres Minor
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation at shoulder
N: axillary nerve
39
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation of shoulder
N: Subscapular nerve
40
Latissimus Dorsi
O: spinous process of inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, rib 8-12
I: inter tubercular groove of humerus
A: extension, ADD, medial rotation of shoulder
N: thoracoradorsal nerve
41
Bicep Bracchi
O: short head: coracoid process; long-head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius
A: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
N: musculotaneous nerve
42
Brachialis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: tuberosity of ulna
A: flexion at elbow
N: musculotaneous nerve and radial nerve
43
brachioradialis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral aspect styloid process of radius
A: flex at elbow
N: radial
44
Tricep: long, lateral, medial head
O: lateral: superior, lateral margin of humerus; Long: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; medial: posterior surface of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extension at elbow
N: radial
45
Pronator Teres
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: mid lateral surface of radius
A: pronation
N: median
46
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: anterolateral surface of radius
A: supination
N: Deep Radial
47
Flexor Carpi Radialis
A: wrist flex, radial Dev
N: median
48
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
A: flex wrist and digging 2-5
N: median
49
Palmaris Longus
A: wrist and flex
N: median
50
Flexor Pollicis longus
A: flex thumb
N: median
51
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A: wrist flex, ulnar deviation
N: ulnar nerve
52
Flexor digitorum
A: flex wrist and digit 2-5
N: palmer interosseous nerve
53
Extensor carpi radialis longus
A: extension, ABD of wrist
N: radial
54
Abductor pollicis longus( APL)
A: ABD wrist and thumb
N: deep radial
55
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A: extend wrist and ABD
N: Radial
56
Extensor pollicis longus( EPL)
A: thumb extension, wrist ABD
N: deep radial
57
Extensor Digitorum
A: wrist extension, digit 2-5
N: Deep Radial
58
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
A: thumb extension, wrist ABD
| Deep Radial
59
Extensor Digiti minimi-5
A: wrist extend, extend digit 5
N: Deep Radial
60
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A: Extension ADD wrist
N: Deep Radial
61
Extensor Indicis
A: extend wrist and digit 2
N: Deep Radial
62
Psoas Major
O: transverse bodies of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion( trunk if femur static)
N: lumbar plexus
63
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa of ilium
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flex
N: femoral nerve
64
Gluteus Maximus
O: post gluteal line of ilium, sacrum, side of coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity
A: ABD, ext, lateral rotate hip
N: inferior gluteal nerve
65
Gluteus medius
O: gluteal surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: ABD thigh, stabilize hip
N: superior gluteal nerve
66
Gluteus Minimus
O: gluteal surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: ABD thigh, stabilize hip
N: superior gluteal
67
TFL: tensor fascia late
O: ASIS
I: iliotibial tract
A: ABD, intern rotation, stabilize hip and knee
N: superior gluteal
68
Obturator externus
A: lateral rotate thigh
N: obturator
69
Oberator Internus
A: Lateral rotate thigh
N: Spinal nerve S1-3
70
Superior Gemellus
A: lateral rotation, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5, S1
71
Inferior Gemellus
A: lateral rotate, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5-S1
72
Quadratus Femoris
A: Lateral rotate, ADD hip
N: Spinal nerve L5, S1
73
Piriformis
A: Lateral rotate, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5-S2
74
Bicep Femoris
O: Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short-head: linea aspera of femur
I: head of fibula
A: knee flex, hip exten
N: common fibular( peroneal)
75
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of tibia
A: knee flex
N: tibial
76
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle tibia
A: knee flex
N: tibial nerve
77
Rectus Femoris
O: AIIS
I: common tendon of quad to tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension, hip flex
N: femoral
78
Vastus Medialis
O: intertrochanteric line of femur
I: patella via quad; tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral nerve
79
Vastus lateralis
O: greater trochanter of femur
I: patella by quad tendon; tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral
80
Vastus Intermedius
O: anterior lateral surface of femur
I: common tendon of quad, tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral
81
Adductor Longus
O: front of pubis
I: linea aspera
A: adduct, medial rotate thigh
N: obturator
82
Adductor Brevis
O: superior and inferior rami of pubis
I: medial shaft femur to linea aspera
A: ADD, med rotate thigh
N: obturator
83
Adductor magnus
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: ADD tubercle, med condyle femur, linea aspera
A: ADD, med rotate thigh
N: obturator
84
Gracilis
O: lower half pubic symphysis
I: superior shaft of tibia
A: ADD thigh, flex knee
N: obturator
85
Pectineous
O: pectineal line
I: posterior surface of femur
A: ADD thigh
N: femoral
86
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: superior shaft of tibia
A: Hip flex, ABD, ER/ knee: flex and IR
N: femoral
87
Tibialis Anterior
O: lateral condyle and tibia
I: base 1 metatarsal, 1 uniform
A: DF, IV foot
N: Deep Peroneal
88
Extensor Digitorum Longus( LE)
O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: Distal Phalange 2-5
A: Extend Digit 2-5, DF foot
N: Deep Peroneal
89
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: anterior surface of fibula
I: Dorsal surface great Hallux
A: Extend hallux, DF foot
N: Deep Peroneal
90
Peroneus Brevis
O: lateral distal fibula
I: lateral 5th metatarsal
A: PF and EV
N: Superficial Peroneal
91
Peroneus Longus
O: posterior surface tibia, superior fibula
I: base 1rst metatarsal
A: PF, EV
N: Superficial Peroneal
92
Gastrocnemius
O: medial and lateral head: posterior surface of med and lat femoral condyle
I: posterior surface achilles via achilles
A: PF foot, flex knee
N: tibial
93
Soleus
O: posterior surface fibula, med region posterior tibia
I: post calcaneous via achilles
A: PF foot
N: Tibial
94
Tibialalis Posterior
O: posterior surface tibia, interosseous membrane, medial surface of tibia
I: navicular, cuniform, cuboid, metatarsal 2-4
A: PF, IV and ADD foot
N: Tibial
95
Flexor Digitorum Longus( LE)
O: posterior surface of tibia
I: infer surface distap phal 2-5
A: flex digit 2-5. IV and PF foot
N: Deep Peroneal
96
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Post fibula
I: infer surface distal phalanx digit 1
A: flex digit 1, IV and PF foot
N: Tibial- deep peroneal branch
97
What is voluntary control mean
conscious decision made to move muscle
98
What does involuntary control mean
muscle contract not in conscious control: smooth and cardia
99
Where is cardiac muscle found
heart
100
What does striated muscle mean and what type of muscle has this
muscle has striped appearance
| cardiac and skeletal
101
What does antagonistic pair mean
muscle work together to produce an action
102
What is flexion and extension
flexion: close joint
extension: open joint
103
What does ABD and ADD mean and give an example of each
ABD: abduction: away from midline: TFL
ADD: adduction: toward midline: adductor
104
Define DF and PF and give example
DF: dorsiflexion: flex foot superior: Tib anterior
PF: plantar flexion: flex foot inferior: Gastroc
105
Define Radial and Ulnar deviation and give examples of each
Rad Dev: lat move wrist toward radius: flexor carpi radials
| Ulnar Dev: medial move wrist toward ulna: extensor carpi ulnaris
106
Define Pronation and Supination and give an example of each
Pronation :rotation so palm face post: pronator teres
| Supination: rotation so palm face anterior: bicep brachi
107
Define elevate and depression and give an example
elevate: move shoulder up: elevator scapulae
depression: move shoulders down: trapezius
108
define retraction and protraction
retraction: pull shoulder back: rhombus
protraction: shoulders forward: serratus anterior
109
What makes up skeletal muscle
muscle fibers
110
What is a muscle fiber
cells contain thousand of myofibril
111
what is a myofibril
cylinindrical in shape, run length of muscle fiber, has dark and light bands in striation
112
What is a sarcomere
protein myofiliment with contractive units
113
What does a sarcomere contain
2 types of myofilament protein: myosin( thick), actin( thin)
114
How is length of sarcomere viewed
z line to z line
115
What does a z line connect
parallel bands thin filament
116
What does m line hold
hold thick filament together
117
How does I band appear
appear light: only contain thin filament
118
How does A band appear
appear dark: contain thin and thick filament: dark because of the thick fibers
119
Where does z line move when muscle contract
muscle contract z line move closer together toward center of sarcomere M line
120
how does nerve system work w/muscle for contraction
1. nerve impulse sent to muscle fiber art neuromuscular junction
2. acetylcholine released from motor nerve ending
3. motor neuron binds to receptor on muscle cell, opens NA channel, allow Na to flow in sarcoplasm reticulum
4. Na presence cause action potential in sarcolemma
5. action potential cause Ca ion released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
6. myosin filmanet attack to actin
7. cross-bridge bend forward after attach and actin pulled along( ATP needed for myosin to pull actin)
8. movement of many actin filament together= muscle contraction
121
What happens at end of muscle contraction
1. action ceases when no nerve impulse stimulate muscle fiber
2. Ca ion pumped back into sarcoplasmic reticulum by active transport
3. once Ca return to sarcoplasmic reticulum, relaxation of muscle occurs
