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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

What are tendons

A

connective tissue that connect skeletal muscle to bone
flexible and bend @ joint
help cushion sudden movement

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3
Q

What are ligaments

A

connective tissue connects bone to bone

stabilize joint where bone meet

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4
Q

Define origin
Define Insertion
Define Action
Define Innervation

A

bony site of attachment: stationary
bony site of attachment: moved muscle contraction
Effect from muscle contraction
peripheral nerve supplies muscle with message from the brain

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5
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

A: eye closure
N: CN VII

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6
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

A: mouth close, protrude lip, press lip against teeth
N: CN VII

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7
Q

Zygomaticus major/minor

A

A: pull corners of lip up
N: CN VII

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8
Q

Risorius

A

A: pull corner of mouth posteriorly
N: CN VII

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9
Q

Frontalis

A

A: raise eyebrow
N: CN VII

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10
Q

Buccinator

A

A: compress cheeks
N: CN VII

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11
Q

Masseter

A

A: jaw closure
N: trigeminal CN V- mandibular branch

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12
Q

Temporalis

A

A: elevate mandible, close jaw
N: Trigeminal CN V- mandibular branch

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13
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A

O: articular process of inferior cervical and transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
I: occipital bone
A: bilateral extend head, lateral flex to same side
N: spinal nerves

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14
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: sternal end of clavicle and manubrim
I: mastoid of skull
A: bilateral neck flexion, unilateral turn face to one side
N: accessory nerve

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15
Q

Splenis capitis

A

O: spinous process of inferior cervical vertebrae
I: mastoid process, occipital bone of skull,
A: bilateral extend head, unilateral flex neck to same side
N: cervical spinal nerves

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16
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A

O: transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
I: transverse process of middle and cervical vertebrae
A: bilateral extend head, unilateral flex neck laterally
N: thoracic and cervical spinal nerves

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17
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: thyroid cartilage of larynx
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate thyroid, depress hyoid bone
N: hypoglossal nerve

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18
Q

Scalenes: anterior/posterior/middle

A

O: transverse process C2-C7
I: 1+2 rib
A: elevate rib 1 + 2
N: cervical spinal

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19
Q

Spinalis

A

medial column of erector spinae: 3 divisions:

spinous thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis

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20
Q

Longissimus

A

intermediate column of erector spinae

3 division: longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis

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21
Q

Ilicostals

A

lateral column of erector spinae

3 division: iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis

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22
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: pubis, cartilage of rib 5-7, xiphoid proces
A: flex spine, compress abdominal vertebrae
N: spinal nerve T7-T12

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23
Q

External Oblique

A

O: sternum, rib 5-12
I: linea alba, iliac crest
A: bilateral flex spine, compress abdomen; unilateral flex trunk to same side, rotate opposite side
N: lower intercostal, ilioguinal nerve

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24
Q

Internal Oblique

A

O: iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I: inferior rib, linea alba
A: compress abdomen, depress rib, flex spine
N: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerve

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25
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

O: lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
I: linea alba, pubis
A: compress abdomen
N: first lumbar nerve, ilihypogastric, ilioinguinal

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26
Q

Diaphram

A

O: cartilage of rib 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae
I: anterior longitudinal ligament
A: expand thoracic cavity, compress abdominal cavity
N: phrenic nerve 3-5

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27
Q

Internal Intercostal

A

O: superior border rib 2-12
I: inferior rib 1-11
A: depress rib- forced expiration
N: intercostal nerve

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28
Q

External Intercostal

A

O: lower border of rib 1-11
I: upper border of rib below 1-12
A: elevate rib- normal respiration
N: intercostal nerve

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29
Q

Trapezius

A

O: occipital bone, spinous process T1-12
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine of scapula
A: rotation, retraction, elevation, depression, of scapula, extend neck and stabilize shoulder
N: accessory

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30
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

O: transverse process C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula
A: elevate scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve

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31
Q

Rhomboid major/minor

A

O: spinous process major( T2-5), minor( C7-T1)
I: medial border of scapula
A: retract scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve

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32
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

O: rib 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
A: elevate rib, draw scapula down and medially
N: medial pectoral nerve

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33
Q

Serratus Anterier

A

O: upper 8-9 rib
I: medial border scapula
A: protract scapula
N: long thoracic nerve

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34
Q

Deltoid: anterior, posterior, middle

A

O: clavicle and scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: ABD at shoulder
N: Axillary

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35
Q

Pectoralis

A

O: rib 2-6, body of sternum
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: flex, ADD, med rotation at shoulder
N: pectoral

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36
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: ABD at shoulder
N: suprascapular nerve

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37
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinatus fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation at shoulder
N: suprascapular nerve

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38
Q

Teres Minor

A

O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation at shoulder
N: axillary nerve

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39
Q

Subscapularis

A

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation of shoulder
N: Subscapular nerve

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40
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: spinous process of inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, rib 8-12
I: inter tubercular groove of humerus
A: extension, ADD, medial rotation of shoulder
N: thoracoradorsal nerve

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41
Q

Bicep Bracchi

A

O: short head: coracoid process; long-head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius
A: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
N: musculotaneous nerve

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42
Q

Brachialis

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: tuberosity of ulna
A: flexion at elbow
N: musculotaneous nerve and radial nerve

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43
Q

brachioradialis

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral aspect styloid process of radius
A: flex at elbow
N: radial

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44
Q

Tricep: long, lateral, medial head

A

O: lateral: superior, lateral margin of humerus; Long: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; medial: posterior surface of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extension at elbow
N: radial

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45
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: mid lateral surface of radius
A: pronation
N: median

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46
Q

Supinator

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: anterolateral surface of radius
A: supination
N: Deep Radial

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47
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

A: wrist flex, radial Dev
N: median

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48
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

A: flex wrist and digging 2-5
N: median

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49
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

A: wrist and flex
N: median

50
Q

Flexor Pollicis longus

A

A: flex thumb
N: median

51
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

A: wrist flex, ulnar deviation
N: ulnar nerve

52
Q

Flexor digitorum

A

A: flex wrist and digit 2-5
N: palmer interosseous nerve

53
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

A: extension, ABD of wrist
N: radial

54
Q

Abductor pollicis longus( APL)

A

A: ABD wrist and thumb
N: deep radial

55
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

A: extend wrist and ABD
N: Radial

56
Q

Extensor pollicis longus( EPL)

A

A: thumb extension, wrist ABD
N: deep radial

57
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

A: wrist extension, digit 2-5
N: Deep Radial

58
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

A: thumb extension, wrist ABD

Deep Radial

59
Q

Extensor Digiti minimi-5

A

A: wrist extend, extend digit 5
N: Deep Radial

60
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

A: Extension ADD wrist
N: Deep Radial

61
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

A: extend wrist and digit 2
N: Deep Radial

62
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: transverse bodies of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion( trunk if femur static)
N: lumbar plexus

63
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac fossa of ilium
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flex
N: femoral nerve

64
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: post gluteal line of ilium, sacrum, side of coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity
A: ABD, ext, lateral rotate hip
N: inferior gluteal nerve

65
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: gluteal surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: ABD thigh, stabilize hip
N: superior gluteal nerve

66
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: gluteal surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: ABD thigh, stabilize hip
N: superior gluteal

67
Q

TFL: tensor fascia late

A

O: ASIS
I: iliotibial tract
A: ABD, intern rotation, stabilize hip and knee
N: superior gluteal

68
Q

Obturator externus

A

A: lateral rotate thigh
N: obturator

69
Q

Oberator Internus

A

A: Lateral rotate thigh
N: Spinal nerve S1-3

70
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

A: lateral rotation, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5, S1

71
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

A: lateral rotate, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5-S1

72
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

A: Lateral rotate, ADD hip
N: Spinal nerve L5, S1

73
Q

Piriformis

A

A: Lateral rotate, ADD, extend hip
N: spinal nerve L5-S2

74
Q

Bicep Femoris

A

O: Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short-head: linea aspera of femur
I: head of fibula
A: knee flex, hip exten
N: common fibular( peroneal)

75
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of tibia
A: knee flex
N: tibial

76
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle tibia
A: knee flex
N: tibial nerve

77
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O: AIIS
I: common tendon of quad to tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension, hip flex
N: femoral

78
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O: intertrochanteric line of femur
I: patella via quad; tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral nerve

79
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter of femur
I: patella by quad tendon; tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral

80
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: anterior lateral surface of femur
I: common tendon of quad, tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
N: femoral

81
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: front of pubis
I: linea aspera
A: adduct, medial rotate thigh
N: obturator

82
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: superior and inferior rami of pubis
I: medial shaft femur to linea aspera
A: ADD, med rotate thigh
N: obturator

83
Q

Adductor magnus

A

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: ADD tubercle, med condyle femur, linea aspera
A: ADD, med rotate thigh
N: obturator

84
Q

Gracilis

A

O: lower half pubic symphysis
I: superior shaft of tibia
A: ADD thigh, flex knee
N: obturator

85
Q

Pectineous

A

O: pectineal line
I: posterior surface of femur
A: ADD thigh
N: femoral

86
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS
I: superior shaft of tibia
A: Hip flex, ABD, ER/ knee: flex and IR
N: femoral

87
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: lateral condyle and tibia
I: base 1 metatarsal, 1 uniform
A: DF, IV foot
N: Deep Peroneal

88
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus( LE)

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: Distal Phalange 2-5
A: Extend Digit 2-5, DF foot
N: Deep Peroneal

89
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: anterior surface of fibula
I: Dorsal surface great Hallux
A: Extend hallux, DF foot
N: Deep Peroneal

90
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

O: lateral distal fibula
I: lateral 5th metatarsal
A: PF and EV
N: Superficial Peroneal

91
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

O: posterior surface tibia, superior fibula
I: base 1rst metatarsal
A: PF, EV
N: Superficial Peroneal

92
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: medial and lateral head: posterior surface of med and lat femoral condyle
I: posterior surface achilles via achilles
A: PF foot, flex knee
N: tibial

93
Q

Soleus

A

O: posterior surface fibula, med region posterior tibia
I: post calcaneous via achilles
A: PF foot
N: Tibial

94
Q

Tibialalis Posterior

A

O: posterior surface tibia, interosseous membrane, medial surface of tibia
I: navicular, cuniform, cuboid, metatarsal 2-4
A: PF, IV and ADD foot
N: Tibial

95
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus( LE)

A

O: posterior surface of tibia
I: infer surface distap phal 2-5
A: flex digit 2-5. IV and PF foot
N: Deep Peroneal

96
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Post fibula
I: infer surface distal phalanx digit 1
A: flex digit 1, IV and PF foot
N: Tibial- deep peroneal branch

97
Q

What is voluntary control mean

A

conscious decision made to move muscle

98
Q

What does involuntary control mean

A

muscle contract not in conscious control: smooth and cardia

99
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found

A

heart

100
Q

What does striated muscle mean and what type of muscle has this

A

muscle has striped appearance

cardiac and skeletal

101
Q

What does antagonistic pair mean

A

muscle work together to produce an action

102
Q

What is flexion and extension

A

flexion: close joint
extension: open joint

103
Q

What does ABD and ADD mean and give an example of each

A

ABD: abduction: away from midline: TFL
ADD: adduction: toward midline: adductor

104
Q

Define DF and PF and give example

A

DF: dorsiflexion: flex foot superior: Tib anterior
PF: plantar flexion: flex foot inferior: Gastroc

105
Q

Define Radial and Ulnar deviation and give examples of each

A

Rad Dev: lat move wrist toward radius: flexor carpi radials

Ulnar Dev: medial move wrist toward ulna: extensor carpi ulnaris

106
Q

Define Pronation and Supination and give an example of each

A

Pronation :rotation so palm face post: pronator teres

Supination: rotation so palm face anterior: bicep brachi

107
Q

Define elevate and depression and give an example

A

elevate: move shoulder up: elevator scapulae
depression: move shoulders down: trapezius

108
Q

define retraction and protraction

A

retraction: pull shoulder back: rhombus
protraction: shoulders forward: serratus anterior

109
Q

What makes up skeletal muscle

A

muscle fibers

110
Q

What is a muscle fiber

A

cells contain thousand of myofibril

111
Q

what is a myofibril

A

cylinindrical in shape, run length of muscle fiber, has dark and light bands in striation

112
Q

What is a sarcomere

A

protein myofiliment with contractive units

113
Q

What does a sarcomere contain

A

2 types of myofilament protein: myosin( thick), actin( thin)

114
Q

How is length of sarcomere viewed

A

z line to z line

115
Q

What does a z line connect

A

parallel bands thin filament

116
Q

What does m line hold

A

hold thick filament together

117
Q

How does I band appear

A

appear light: only contain thin filament

118
Q

How does A band appear

A

appear dark: contain thin and thick filament: dark because of the thick fibers

119
Q

Where does z line move when muscle contract

A

muscle contract z line move closer together toward center of sarcomere M line

120
Q

how does nerve system work w/muscle for contraction

A
  1. nerve impulse sent to muscle fiber art neuromuscular junction
  2. acetylcholine released from motor nerve ending
  3. motor neuron binds to receptor on muscle cell, opens NA channel, allow Na to flow in sarcoplasm reticulum
  4. Na presence cause action potential in sarcolemma
  5. action potential cause Ca ion released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
  6. myosin filmanet attack to actin
  7. cross-bridge bend forward after attach and actin pulled along( ATP needed for myosin to pull actin)
  8. movement of many actin filament together= muscle contraction
121
Q

What happens at end of muscle contraction

A
  1. action ceases when no nerve impulse stimulate muscle fiber
  2. Ca ion pumped back into sarcoplasmic reticulum by active transport
  3. once Ca return to sarcoplasmic reticulum, relaxation of muscle occurs

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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