module 1.1-anatomy Flashcards
what is definition of anatomy
study of structure of body and its design
What is definition of physiology
Study of function of human body as it relates to the structure
What are 6 levels of organization
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ structure, organ systems and organism
Name the different organ systems
Integumentory, skeletal, muscular, nervous, lymphatic, urinary, digestive, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, endocrine, cardiovascular
Define metabolism
chemical reaction in body enables it to function
define catabolism
breakdown of substances into basic building blocks to be used
define anabolism
synthesis of more complex structures from simple
What are 3 parts of cellular respiration
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron transport chain
What is glycolysis
breaking down Carbon into 2 Pyruvate acid and 2 ATP
What is Citric Acid Cycle
Pyruvate goes with 2ATP and releases electrons to continue reaction
What is electron transport chain
recreating ATP to be used to build and fuel cells as energy source
Define superior
above midline
Inferior
below midline
Ventral
toward front/anterior
Dorsal
toward back/posterior
Medial
toward midline
Lateral
away from midline
Intermediate
between medial and lateral structure
Proximal
toward origin
Distal
away from origin at attachment
Superficial
toward surface
Deep
away from surface
Flexion
shorten/bend of structure
Extension
straighten structure
Abduction
move away from midline
Adduction
move towards midline
Dorsiflexion
point toes up in anatomical position
Plantarflexion
point toes down in anatomical position
Radial deviation
move wrist laterally towards radius
Ulnar deviation
move ulna medially towards ulna
Pronation
turn wrist so back of wrist is facing forward
supination
rotation of wrist so palm is open and facing foward
Elevation
raising of limbs
depression
lowering of limbs
Protraction
pushing a muscle/limb forward
retraction
pulling muscle/limb back
Describe anatomical position
standing erect with feet on floor, eyes forward, head up, palms open so that ulna and radius do not cross
What are 2 regional areas in the body
axial and appendicular
what is house in axial region
head, neck and trunk
what is housed in appendicular region
limbs: upper and lower, attached to axis, pelvic and pectoral
What are the 3 planes
Saggital, frontal and transverse
How is saggital plane divided
cut into equal L and R with vertical plane
How is frontal plane divided
cut in anterior/posterior halves in vertical plane: also named coronal plane
How is transverse plane dividid
Horizontal plane: upper and lower/inferior and superior: cross section is oblique between horizontal and vertical planes
What are the 2 main body cavities
Dorsal and Ventral
What is in Dorsal cavity
Cranial and spinal cavities
what is in cranial and spinal cavities
skull protect brain( cranial), vertebra protects spinal cord( spinal)
What is in Vertebral cavity
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
what divides thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphram
what is in thoracic cavity
ribs, muscles in chest, houes visceral organs
What lines thoracic cavity
serosa- serous memebrane
what does serosa do
reduces friction as organs move
what is pleurisy
inflammation of serous fluid
What is abdominapelvic cavity
2nd of vertebral, divided by diaphragm and broken into 2 segments
What are 2 parts of abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvis
what does abdominal cavity hold
stomach, intestine, spleen and liver
what does pelvic cavity hold
bladdar, rectum, reproductive organs
what are the 4 regions of abdominopelvic cavity
UL, UR, LL, LR
Define following cavities: umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric, R+L iliac, R+L lumbar, R+L hypochondriac, oral , nasal, orbital, synovial
surrounds naval, above naval, below naval, beside lateral to naval, lateral to navel, beside epigastric region, houses mouth, lies within posterior nose, houses eyes in skull, surrounds joints making them fluid
What are the bones in the middle ear
malleus, incus, stapes
