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PE > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Allows movement
Helps circulation of blood
Protects and keeps our abdominal organs in place
Good posture
Generates body heat

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2
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Voluntary muscles and they make up the majority of our muscles

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3
Q

What are smooth muscles?

A

Involuntary muscles as these are not under our control

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4
Q

What are cardiac muscles?

A

Only the heart which is an involuntary muscle (constant and automatic)

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5
Q

What is antagonistic pairing?

A

Tendons attach to muscles and bone so when the muscle contracts, it pulls the bone causing movement. When it relaxes, the bone moves back.

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6
Q

How do the biceps and triceps work together?

A

The biceps contract and triceps relax to flex the arm at the elbow.

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7
Q

How do the quadriceps and hamstrings work together?

A

The quads contract and the hamstrings relax to extend the leg.

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8
Q

How do the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior work together?

A

The gastrocnemius contracts and the tibialis anterior relaxes to plantar-flex the ankle.

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9
Q

How do the hip flexors and gluteals work together?

A

The hip flexors contract and the gluteals relax to extend the leg.

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10
Q

What is an agonist?

A

The muscle that CONTRACTS to cause movement

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11
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

The muscle that RELAXES to cause movement

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12
Q

What does a Type 1 muscle fibre do?

A

Used for low intensity work and can go for a long time without tiring (marathon)

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13
Q

What twitch is a Type 1 muscle fibre?

A

Slow twitch

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14
Q

What does a Type 2A muscle fibre do?

A

Long distance used in anaerobic work (400m)

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15
Q

What twitch is a Type 2A muscle fibre?

A

Fast twitch

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16
Q

What does a Type 2X muscle fibre do?

A

Used for anaerobic work and to produce greater fore (100m/hurdles)

17
Q

What twitch is a Type 2X muscle fibre?

A

Fast twitch

18
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A red protein which carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.

19
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A red pigment in red blood cells which attracts and transports oxygen.

20
Q

What is isometric muscle contraction?

A

No change in length of muscle so no movement takes place (just an increase in tension)

21
Q

What is isotonic muscle contraction?

A

The muscle will change length so movement has occurred

22
Q

What are the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

A

Increased muscle size (hypertrophy)
Increased strength
Increased endurance
Increased power
Better posture
Stronger tendons/ligaments
Firmer/more toned body

23
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

An increase in muscle size

24
Q

What does the deltoid do?

A

Moves arm in all direction at the shoulder (serving in tennis)

25
Q

What does the pectoralis major do?

A

Adducts the arm at the shoulder (forehand drive in tennis)

26
Q

What does the latissimis dorsi do?

A

Adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder (butterfly stroke in swimming)

27
Q

What do the biceps do?

A

Flexes the arm at the elbow (pull up)

28
Q

What do the triceps do?

A

Extends the arm at the elbow (press up)

29
Q

What do the external obliques do?

A

Pulls the chest downwards and flexes and rotates the spinal column (crunches)

30
Q

What do the gluteals do?

A

Adducts and extends the leg at the hips and pulls the leg backwards (kicking a ball)

31
Q

What do the hamstrings do?

A

Flexes the leg at the knee (kicking a ball)

32
Q

What do the hip flexors do?

A

Flexes the hip (lifting knee while sprinting)

33
Q

What do the quadriceps do?

A

Extends the leg at the knee (kicking a ball)

34
Q

What does the gastrocnemius do?

A

Points the toes - plantarflexes (running)

PE (11 decks)

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