Muscular system Flashcards
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Allows movement
Helps circulation of blood
Protects and keeps our abdominal organs in place
Good posture
Generates body heat
What are skeletal muscles?
Voluntary muscles and they make up the majority of our muscles
What are smooth muscles?
Involuntary muscles as these are not under our control
What are cardiac muscles?
Only the heart which is an involuntary muscle (constant and automatic)
What is antagonistic pairing?
Tendons attach to muscles and bone so when the muscle contracts, it pulls the bone causing movement. When it relaxes, the bone moves back.
How do the biceps and triceps work together?
The biceps contract and triceps relax to flex the arm at the elbow.
How do the quadriceps and hamstrings work together?
The quads contract and the hamstrings relax to extend the leg.
How do the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior work together?
The gastrocnemius contracts and the tibialis anterior relaxes to plantar-flex the ankle.
How do the hip flexors and gluteals work together?
The hip flexors contract and the gluteals relax to extend the leg.
What is an agonist?
The muscle that CONTRACTS to cause movement
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that RELAXES to cause movement
What does a Type 1 muscle fibre do?
Used for low intensity work and can go for a long time without tiring (marathon)
What twitch is a Type 1 muscle fibre?
Slow twitch
What does a Type 2A muscle fibre do?
Long distance used in anaerobic work (400m)
What twitch is a Type 2A muscle fibre?
Fast twitch
What does a Type 2X muscle fibre do?
Used for anaerobic work and to produce greater fore (100m/hurdles)
What twitch is a Type 2X muscle fibre?
Fast twitch
What is myoglobin?
A red protein which carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.
What is haemoglobin?
A red pigment in red blood cells which attracts and transports oxygen.
What is isometric muscle contraction?
No change in length of muscle so no movement takes place (just an increase in tension)
What is isotonic muscle contraction?
The muscle will change length so movement has occurred
What are the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
Increased muscle size (hypertrophy)
Increased strength
Increased endurance
Increased power
Better posture
Stronger tendons/ligaments
Firmer/more toned body
What is hypertrophy?
An increase in muscle size
What does the deltoid do?
Moves arm in all direction at the shoulder (serving in tennis)
What does the pectoralis major do?
Adducts the arm at the shoulder (forehand drive in tennis)
What does the latissimis dorsi do?
Adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder (butterfly stroke in swimming)
What do the biceps do?
Flexes the arm at the elbow (pull up)
What do the triceps do?
Extends the arm at the elbow (press up)
What do the external obliques do?
Pulls the chest downwards and flexes and rotates the spinal column (crunches)
What do the gluteals do?
Adducts and extends the leg at the hips and pulls the leg backwards (kicking a ball)
What do the hamstrings do?
Flexes the leg at the knee (kicking a ball)
What do the hip flexors do?
Flexes the hip (lifting knee while sprinting)
What do the quadriceps do?
Extends the leg at the knee (kicking a ball)
What does the gastrocnemius do?
Points the toes - plantarflexes (running)
