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PE > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

Pushes blood around the body, carrying oxygen to all muscles and cells. Removes co2 and other waste products.
Prevents infections and fights disease (WBC)>

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2
Q

What components are in the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood and blood vessels

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3
Q

What is a heartbeat?

A

One contraction of the heart.

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4
Q

What is a heartrate?

A

The number of times the heart beats in one mintue.

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5
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out in one beat.

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6
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped out in one minute.

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7
Q

What is a systolic heartbeat?

A

When the heart muscle CONTRACTS and pumps blood from the atriums to the ventricles.

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8
Q

What is a diastolic heartbeat?

A

When the heart muscle RELAXES and lets the chambers fill with blood.

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9
Q

What happens to the CV system during exercise?

A

Heart rate increases
Blood pressure increases

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10
Q

What is the average resting heart rate?

A

60-80 bpm

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11
Q

Why does your blood pressure increase when exercising?

A

More blood is being pumped around the body to deliver oxygen so the pressure on the blood vessel wall increases.

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12
Q

Where is blood pressure highest?

A

Arteries (where it starts its journey).

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13
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Pressure in the arteries as the left ventricle contracts

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14
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Pressure in the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes

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15
Q

How do you find out blood pressure (equation)?

A

systolic pressure / diastolic pressure

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16
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Take blood away from the heart

17
Q

What are qualities of arteries?

A

Thick (muscle) walls
Small lumen
High blood pressure
Oxygenated blood

18
Q

What do veins do?

A

Takes blood into the heart

19
Q

What are qualities of veins?

A

Thin (muscle) walls
Big lumen
Low blood pressure
Deoxygenated blood

20
Q

What are qualities of capillaries?

A

Small walls (one cell thick)
Very low blood pressure
Link arteries and veins

21
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

They allow gaseous exchange to take place. Oxygenated blood at one end (oxygen and nutrients) is delivered to muscles and then at the other end co2 and waste products are taken away in deoxygenated blood.

22
Q

How does gaseous exchange work?

A

High concentration of co2 in blood moves into alveoli (low concentration). High concentration of o2 in the alveoli moves into blood (low concentration).

23
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carries oxygen to muscles

24
Q

What is it called if you have a low red blood cell count?

A

Anemia

25
Q

What can athletes do to increase their RBC count naturally?

A

Train at a high altitude (air is thinner)

26
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

They fight infections and diseases

27
Q

What are the qualities of white blood cells?

A

They are transparent

28
Q

What do blood platelets do?

A

They clot the blood

29
Q

Where are blood platelets formed?

A

Bone marrow

30
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Helps your body recover from injury, distribute nutrients, remove waste and prevent infection, while moving throughout your circulatory system.

31
Q

What colour and state is plasma?

A

Straw yellow and liquid (90% water)

32
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Salt
Sugar
Antibodies
Waste products
Water
Plasma proteins

33
Q

What is vascular shunting?

A

When your exercising, the body will divert blood to areas which need it most (away from digestive system to muscles).

34
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

When blood vessels expand to allow more blood to be transported to working muscles.

35
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

When blood vessels narrow/constrict to stop blood from going to areas not involved in exercise.

36
Q

What is the effect of regular exercise on the CV system?

A

Resting heart rate increases
Heart gets bigger
Stroke volume increases
Cardiac output increases
Blood pressure lowers
Recovery time becomes faster

37
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO = SV X HR

PE (11 decks)

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