Muscles of Respiration

Question 1

diaphragm contracts, _______________ expands allowing increased venous return

Answer 1

diaphram contracts, vena cava aperture expands allowing increased venous return

Question 2

Diaphragmatic Apertures?

Answer 2

Diaphragmatic Apertures

Main Apertures:

• T8 - Vena Cava (8 letters)
• T10 - Oesophagus (10 letters)
• T12 - Aortic Hiatus (12 letters)

Question 3

Arterial Supply to Diaphram

Answer 3

Superior Surface:

1. From superior phrenic branches of thoracic aorta
2. From the pericardiophrenic / musculophrenic branches of the internal thoracic artery

Inferior Surface:

3. From the inferior phrenic artery branching from the abdominal aorta

Question 4

Arterial Supply to Diaphram

Answer 4

Superior Surface:

1. From superior phrenic branches of thoracic aorta
2. From the pericardiophrenic / musculophrenic branches of the internal thoracic artery

Inferior Surface:

3. From the inferior phrenic artery branching from the abdominal aorta

Question 5

• ______________ provide ipsilateral sensory and motor supply to most of the diaphragm.
• ______________ also contribute to sensory & proprioceptive supply of the periphery of the diaphragm.

Answer 5

• Phrenic nerves provide ipsilateral sensory supply to most of the diaphragm.
• Intercostal nerves also contribute to sensory & proprioceptive supply of the periphery of the diaphragm.

Question 6

External Intercostal Muscles Action?

Answer 6

Elevate ribs, increasing intrathoracic volume during forced inspiration

Question 7

Internal Intercostal Muscles Action?

Answer 7

Actions:

• Interosseous part depress ribs, decreasing intrathoracic volume during forced expiration
• Interchondral part elevates the ribs, increasing intrathoracic volume during forced inspiration

Question 8

3 Muscles of Innermost Intercostal Group

Answer 8

Innermost Intercostal Group

1. Transversus Thoracic (anteriorly)
2. Innermost intercostal muscles (laterally)
3. Subcostalis (posteriorly)

Question 9

__________________

Indicates an anatomical region where risk of inadvertently damaging important anatomical structures is minimised

when introducing a chest tube or performing pleurocentesis.

Answer 9

safest place to introduce the needle or tube is directly above the rib below because the collateral neurovascular bundle is smaller than the main neurovascular bundle in the costal groove.

Question 10

8 Accessory Muscles of Respiration?

Answer 10

1. Scalene muscles
2. Sternocleidomastoids
3. Sternohyoid (SHY)
4. Sternothyroid (STHY)
5. Pectoralis Major
6. Pectoralis Minor
7. Serratus Anterior
8. Serratus Posterior (Superior & Inferior)

Question 11

“___________” sign of respiratory distress

Answer 11

“Tracheal Tug” sign of respiratory distress

Question 12

When the arms are fixed in certain positions, __________ can be recruited to assist with rib elevation and thus aid respiration.

Answer 12

When the arms are fixed in certain positions, pec major +minor can be recruited to assist with rib elevation andthus aid respiration.

With the scapulae fixed, serratus anterior can assist withrib elevation during inspiration.

Question 13

Actions of Innermost Intercostal Muscles?

Answer 13

Actions:

• Interosseous part depress ribs, decreasing intrathoracic volume during forced expiration
• Interchondral part elevates the ribs, increasing intrathoracic volume during forced inspiration

Question 14

Action of Subcostalis?

Answer 14

Depresses ribs, decreasing intrathoracic volume during forced expiration

Question 15

Actions of Internal Intercostal Muscles?

Answer 15

Actions:

• Interosseous part depress ribs, decreasing intrathoracic volume during forced expiration
• Interchondral part elevates the ribs, increasing intrathoracic volume during forced inspiration

Question 16

Actions/Orietnation of External Intercostal Muscles

Answer 16

Action: elevate ribs, increasing intrathoracic volume during forced inspiration