Mouth, Palate and Pharynx

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

supratonsillar fat (STfat) 
palatopharyngeus muscle (PP) 
pterygoid hamulus area (H)
palatoglossus muscle (PG) 
pterygomandibular raphe (PTR)
superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (SC)

Question 3

Aka Peritonsillar Abscess- Collection of pus between Tonsillar capsule and superior constrictor muscle

Answer 3

Quinsy

Question 4

Arterial Supply to the Tonsil

Answer 4

Question 5

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Answer 5

Genioglossus: protrudes tongue and deviates to the opposite side

Hyoglossus: depresses and retracts tongue

Styloglossus: elevates the side of the tongue to form a trough during swallowing. Also retracts tongue.

Palatoglossus: elevates and retracts the posterior of the tongue. Depresses soft palate. Narrows oropharyngeal isthmus.

Question 6

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Answer 6

Intrinsic muscles adjust the shape and orientation of the tongue.

Superior longitudinal fibres ACTION: retract and widens tongue.

Inferior longitudinal fibres ACTION: depresses tongue tip + shortens the tongue length.

Transverse fibres ACTION: Narrows’ + elongates the tongue

Vertical fibres ACTION: Broaden + elongate the tongue.

Question 7

Motor Innervation of the Tounge?

Answer 7

Palatoglossus (Vagus Nerve, CN X)

All other muscles of tongue (Hypoglossal Nerve , CN XII)

Question 8

Sensory Innervation of the Tongue

Answer 8

Posterior: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Anterior: Lingual Nerve

Question 9

Lymphatic Drainage of Tongue?

Answer 9

The anterior 2/3 drains to ipsilateral nodes (initially to submental/submandibular lymph nodes)

The posterior 1/3 drains bilaterally directly to upper part of deep cervical chain

Question 10

Answer 10

Mylohyoid Muscle:
One of four suprahyoid muscles

Elevates tongue and floor of mouth during speech, mastication, deglutition

Innervation: branch of inferior alveolar nerve (CNV3)

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Palatine Bones

Question 13

Muscles of the Soft Palate

Innervation?

Answer 13

All controlled by pharyngeal branch of Xth (vagus nerve)

*Except Tensor Veli palatini (CNV3)

Question 14

Nasopharynx extends from ____________

Oropharynx extends from_____________

Laryngopharynx extends from________________

Answer 14

Nasopharynx extends from choanae to soft palate.

Oropharynx extends from soft palate to upper border of epiglottis.

Laryngopharynx extends from upper border of epiglottis to inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

Question 15

Three circular muscular components of Pharynx?

Innervation?

Answer 15

Innervation of all circular pharyngeal muscles is vagal nerve (CNX)

Question 16

Role of Longitudinal Muscles in the Pharynx?

Innervation?

Answer 16

Shorten and widen the pharynx + elevate the larynx during swallowing

Longitudinal muscles:
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

All innervated by vagal nerve (CNX) except stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve, CNIX)

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Protrusion of mucosal & submucosal layers through gap between constrictor muscles?

Answer 18

Pharyngeal Pouch