Lungs and Pleura Flashcards
Right lung has ___ lobes and the _______ fissures?
Right lung 3 lobes and the Horizontal and Oblique Fishers
Superior, middle, inferior lobes
Lungs covered by __________
Lungs covered by pleural membrane
Left lung has ____ lobes and the ________ fissure
Left lung has 2 lobes (the heart takes up space) Horizontal Fissure
Superior, inferior lobes, cardiac notch + lingula
The ________ of the lungs is sharp while the __________ is blunt
Anterior border (sharp), posterior border (blunt)
Right Hilar Regions
_________ sometimes called occupational lung disease, chronic inflammation causes fibrosis of the lung & respiratory disease
Pnemoconiosis
Aspirated foreign bodies are therefore more likely to occupy the _____ main bronchus than the ______. WHY?
Aspirated foreign bodies are therefore more likely to occupy the right** main bronchus than the **left.
Right main bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left.
90% of the lung is lined by _______________
90% lined by squamous type 1 pneumocytes (gas exchange)
10% of the lung is lined by _______________
10% lined by type 2 alveolar cells (surfactant production)
__________ membrane is in contact with the lungs
Visceral membrane is in contact with the lungs
_____________ adheres to the thoracic cavity, not in contact w/ lungs
Parietal Pleurae adheres to thoracic cavity, not in contact w/ lungs
___________:angle between ribcage and diaphragm
sometimes appears “blunted” in cases of ____________
Costophrenic Angle: angle between ribcage and diaphragm
sometimes appears “blunted” in cases of small pleural effusion
_______________ keeps lungs and visceral pleura pressed against parietal pleura and endothoracic fascia
Negative intrathoracic pressure keeps lungs and visceral pleura pressed against parietal pleura and endothoracic fascia
_________________:
Usually following injury to the chest wall (e.g. stab)
Loss of negative intrathoracic pressure, air rushes into the pleural space.
Ipsilateral lung collapses (atelectasis) as no negative pressure to keep it inflated
Pneumothorax:
Usually following injury to the chest wall (e.g. stab)
Loss of negative intrathoracic pressure, air rushes into the pleural space.
Ipsilateral lung collapses (atelectasis) as no negative pressure to keep it inflated
___________:
Abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space
Exhibits a ________
Obliteration of ___________
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space
Exhibits a meniscus.
Obliteration of costophrenic angle.
Removal of a Lung?
Removal of a lobe?
Pneumonectomy
Lobectomy
Each lung is divided into bronchopulmonary segments (_____ total)
Each lung is divided into bronchopulmonary segments (18 total)
The lung is vascularised by two supplies: ________ & _______
The lung is vascularised by two supplies: Pulmonary & Bronchial
1 right – arises from aorta or a posterior intercostal artery (usually 3rd)
- 2 left – arise from descending aorta
- Supply carina to respiratory bronchioles where they anastomose with branches of the pulmonary arteries in the bronchial walls.
- Also perfuse the visceral pleura
What perfuses the visceral pleura?
Bronchial Arteries
Role of Superficial Network of Bronchial Verins?
Superficial Network – drains hilum + visceral pleura to azygos vein
Deep Network of bronchial veins – drains deep lung tissue to _____________ or directly to ___________
Deep Network of bronchial veins – drains deep lung tissue to a pulmonary vein or directly to the left atrium
_____________ subdivide with the bronchi eventually perfusing the alveolar-capillary beds with deoxygenated blood
Left & right pulmonary arteries subdivide with the bronchi eventually perfusing the alveolar-capillary beds with deoxygenated blood
Bronchi are supplied by the ___________
Bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries
Sympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to: _______, _________, _____________
Sympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, inhibition of secretomotor
Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to: ___________, _______________, ____________-
The parietal pleura receives sensory innervation from the______________ for the costal and diaphragmatic pleura and the __________ for the mediastinal and central pleura.
The parietal pleura receives sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves (T1- T11)** costal and diaphragmatic pleura and the **phrenic nerve (C3-5) mediastinal and central pleura.
The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves via the _______ and is sensitive to __________
The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves via the pulmonary plexus.
Sensitive to stretch
