Lungs and Pleura

Question 1

Right lung has ___ lobes and the _______ fissures?

Answer 1

Right lung 3 lobes and the Horizontal and Oblique Fishers

Superior, middle, inferior lobes

Question 2

Lungs covered by __________

Answer 2

Lungs covered by pleural membrane

Question 3

Left lung has ____ lobes and the ________ fissure

Answer 3

Left lung has 2 lobes (the heart takes up space) Horizontal Fissure
Superior, inferior lobes, cardiac notch + lingula

Question 4

The ________ of the lungs is sharp while the __________ is blunt

Answer 4

Anterior border (sharp), posterior border (blunt)

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Right Hilar Regions

Answer 6

Question 7

_________ sometimes called occupational lung disease, chronic inflammation causes fibrosis of the lung & respiratory disease

Answer 7

Pnemoconiosis

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Aspirated foreign bodies are therefore more likely to occupy the _____ main bronchus than the ______. WHY?

Answer 9

Aspirated foreign bodies are therefore more likely to occupy the right** main bronchus than the **left.

Right main bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left.

Question 10

90% of the lung is lined by _______________

Answer 10

90% lined by squamous type 1 pneumocytes (gas exchange)

Question 11

10% of the lung is lined by _______________

Answer 11

10% lined by type 2 alveolar cells (surfactant production)

Question 12

__________ membrane is in contact with the lungs

Answer 12

Visceral membrane is in contact with the lungs

Question 13

_____________ adheres to the thoracic cavity, not in contact w/ lungs

Answer 13

Parietal Pleurae adheres to thoracic cavity, not in contact w/ lungs

Question 14

___________:angle between ribcage and diaphragm

sometimes appears “blunted” in cases of ____________

Answer 14

Costophrenic Angle: angle between ribcage and diaphragm

sometimes appears “blunted” in cases of small pleural effusion

Question 15

_______________ keeps lungs and visceral pleura pressed against parietal pleura and endothoracic fascia

Answer 15

Negative intrathoracic pressure keeps lungs and visceral pleura pressed against parietal pleura and endothoracic fascia

Question 16

_________________:

Usually following injury to the chest wall (e.g. stab)

Loss of negative intrathoracic pressure, air rushes into the pleural space.

Ipsilateral lung collapses (atelectasis) as no negative pressure to keep it inflated

Answer 16

Pneumothorax:

Usually following injury to the chest wall (e.g. stab)

Loss of negative intrathoracic pressure, air rushes into the pleural space.

Ipsilateral lung collapses (atelectasis) as no negative pressure to keep it inflated

Question 17

___________:

Abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space

Exhibits a ________

Obliteration of ___________

Answer 17

Pleural Effusion

Abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space

Exhibits a meniscus.

Obliteration of costophrenic angle.

Question 18

Removal of a Lung?

Removal of a lobe?

Answer 18

Pneumonectomy

Lobectomy

Question 19

Each lung is divided into bronchopulmonary segments (_____ total)

Answer 19

Each lung is divided into bronchopulmonary segments (18 total)

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

The lung is vascularised by two supplies: ________ & _______

Answer 22

The lung is vascularised by two supplies: Pulmonary & Bronchial

Question 23

Answer 23

1 right – arises from aorta or a posterior intercostal artery (usually 3rd)

• 2 left – arise from descending aorta
• Supply carina to respiratory bronchioles where they anastomose with branches of the pulmonary arteries in the bronchial walls.
• Also perfuse the visceral pleura

Question 24

What perfuses the visceral pleura?

Answer 24

Bronchial Arteries

Question 25

Role of Superficial Network of Bronchial Verins?

Answer 25

Superficial Network – drains hilum + visceral pleura to azygos vein

Question 26

Deep Network of bronchial veins – drains deep lung tissue to _____________ or directly to ___________

Answer 26

Deep Network of bronchial veins – drains deep lung tissue to a pulmonary vein or directly to the left atrium

Question 27

_____________ subdivide with the bronchi eventually perfusing the alveolar-capillary beds with deoxygenated blood

Answer 27

Left & right pulmonary arteries subdivide with the bronchi eventually perfusing the alveolar-capillary beds with deoxygenated blood

Question 28

Bronchi are supplied by the ___________

Answer 28

Bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries

Question 29

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to: _______, _________, _____________

Answer 29

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, inhibition of secretomotor

Question 30

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs leads to: ___________, _______________, ____________-

Question 31

The parietal pleura receives sensory innervation from the______________ for the costal and diaphragmatic pleura and the __________ for the mediastinal and central pleura.

Answer 31

The parietal pleura receives sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves (T1- T11)** costal and diaphragmatic pleura and the **phrenic nerve (C3-5) mediastinal and central pleura.

Question 32

The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves via the _______ and is sensitive to __________

Answer 32

The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves via the pulmonary plexus.

Sensitive to stretch

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34