Muscles of Gluteal Region

Question 1

What are the superior boundaries of the gluteal region?

Answer 1

Iliac crest, greater trochanter, and anterior superior iliac spine

Question 2

What is the inferior border of the gluteal region?

Answer 2

Gluteal fold

Question 3

Which ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?

Answer 3

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 4

What does the greater sciatic foramen form?

Answer 4

A passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis

Question 5

What does the lesser sciatic foramen form?

Answer 5

A passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum

Question 6

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 6

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum; and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 7

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 7

Most fibers into lateral condyle of tibia, some on gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 8

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 9

What action does the gluteus maximun perform?

Answer 9

Extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

Question 10

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

Answer 10

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Question 11

Where does the gluteus medius insert?

Answer 11

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 12

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

Answer 12

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 13

What action does the gluteus medius perform?

Answer 13

Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

Question 14

What is the origin of the gluteus minimis?

Answer 14

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Question 15

Where does the gluteus minimis insert?

Answer 15

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 16

What is the innervation of the gluteus minims?

Answer 16

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 17

What action does the gluteus minimis perform?

Answer 17

Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

Question 18

What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 18

Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest

Question 19

Where does the tensor fasciae latae insert?

Answer 19

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to the lateral condyle of tibia

Question 20

What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 20

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 21

What action does the tensor fasciae latae perform?

Answer 21

Flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint

Question 22

What is the origin of the piriformis?

Answer 22

Anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 23

Where does the piriformis insert?

Answer 23

Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Question 24

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

Answer 24

Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

Question 25

What action does the piriformis perform?

Answer 25

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

Question 26

What is the origin of the obturator internus?

Answer 26

Pelvis surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

Question 27

Where does the obterator internus insert?

Answer 27

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 28

What is the innervation of the obterator internus?

Answer 28

Nerve to obterator internus (L5, S1)

Question 29

What action does the obterator internus perform?

Answer 29

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

Question 30

What is the origin of the gemelli superior?

Answer 30

Ischial spine

Question 31

What is the origin of the gemelli inferior?

Answer 31

Ischial tuberosity

Question 32

Where do the gemelli superior and inferior insert?

Answer 32

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 33

What is the innervation of the gemelli superior?

Answer 33

Nerve to obterator internus (L5, S1)

Question 34

What is the innervation of the gemelli inferior?

Answer 34

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Question 35

What action do the gemelli superior and inferior perform?

Answer 35

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

Question 36

What is the origin of the quadrator femoris?

Answer 36

Lateral border of ischial tuberoisty

Question 37

Where does the quadrator femoris insert?

Answer 37

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Question 38

What is the innervation of the quadrator femoris?

Answer 38

Nerve to quadrator femoris (L5, S1)

Question 39

What action does the quadrator femoris perform?

Answer 39

Laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis

Question 40

What are the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?

Answer 40

Gluteus muscles and tensor fasciae latae

Question 41

What are the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

Answer 41

Piriformis, obturator internus, quadrator femoris, and superior and inferior gemelli

Question 42

What is the function of bursae?

Answer 42

To permit free movement and reduce friction

Question 43

What does the trochanteric bursa separate?

Answer 43

Separates deep aspect of gluteus maximus form greater trochanter of femur

Question 44

What does the ischial bursa separate?

Answer 44

Separates the inferior border of the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity

Question 45

What does the glutofemoral bursa separate?

Answer 45

Separates the iliotibial tract from the superior part of the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis