Muscles of Gluteal Region Flashcards
What are the superior boundaries of the gluteal region?
Iliac crest, greater trochanter, and anterior superior iliac spine
What is the inferior border of the gluteal region?
Gluteal fold
Which ligaments convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?
Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
What does the greater sciatic foramen form?
A passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis
What does the lesser sciatic foramen form?
A passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum; and sacrotuberous ligament
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
Most fibers into lateral condyle of tibia, some on gluteal tuberosity of femur
What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What action does the gluteus maximun perform?
Extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
What is the origin of the gluteus medius?
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Where does the gluteus medius insert?
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
What action does the gluteus medius perform?
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
What is the origin of the gluteus minimis?
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Where does the gluteus minimis insert?
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the gluteus minims?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
What action does the gluteus minimis perform?
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest
Where does the tensor fasciae latae insert?
Iliotibial tract, which attaches to the lateral condyle of tibia
What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
What action does the tensor fasciae latae perform?
Flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
What is the origin of the piriformis?
Anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
Where does the piriformis insert?
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the piriformis?
Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
What action does the piriformis perform?
Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
What is the origin of the obturator internus?
Pelvis surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane
Where does the obterator internus insert?
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the obterator internus?
Nerve to obterator internus (L5, S1)
What action does the obterator internus perform?
Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
What is the origin of the gemelli superior?
Ischial spine
What is the origin of the gemelli inferior?
Ischial tuberosity
Where do the gemelli superior and inferior insert?
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the gemelli superior?
Nerve to obterator internus (L5, S1)
What is the innervation of the gemelli inferior?
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
What action do the gemelli superior and inferior perform?
Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
What is the origin of the quadrator femoris?
Lateral border of ischial tuberoisty
Where does the quadrator femoris insert?
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
What is the innervation of the quadrator femoris?
Nerve to quadrator femoris (L5, S1)
What action does the quadrator femoris perform?
Laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis
What are the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?
Gluteus muscles and tensor fasciae latae
What are the deep layer of gluteal muscles?
Piriformis, obturator internus, quadrator femoris, and superior and inferior gemelli
What is the function of bursae?
To permit free movement and reduce friction
What does the trochanteric bursa separate?
Separates deep aspect of gluteus maximus form greater trochanter of femur
What does the ischial bursa separate?
Separates the inferior border of the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity
What does the glutofemoral bursa separate?
Separates the iliotibial tract from the superior part of the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis
