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Lower Limb > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What make up the bones of the foot?

A

Tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges

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2
Q

How many bones make up the tarsus?

A

Seven; calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms

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3
Q

Which is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

A

Calcaneus

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4
Q

What structure supports the head of the talus?

A

Sustentaculum tali

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5
Q

What structure bears the weight of the body transmitted from the tibia and articulates with the two malleoli?

A

Talus

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6
Q

Where can the navicular be found?

A

Between the talar head and the cuneiforms

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7
Q

What are the metatarsus made out of?

A

Five long bones

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8
Q

What do the metatarus connect?

A

Tarsus and phalanges

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9
Q

What is the longest metatarsal?

A

2nd metatarsal

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10
Q

What makes up the hindfoot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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11
Q

What makes up the midfoot?

A

Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

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12
Q

What makes up the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

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13
Q

What is the deep fascia on the dorsum of the foot a continuation of?

A

Inferior extensor retinaculum

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14
Q

What is the deep fascia of the lateral and posterior aspects of the foot a continuation of?

A

Plantar fascia which has a thick plantar aponeurosis

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the plantar muscles?

A

Support phase of stance to maintain the arches of the foot

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16
Q

What action do the plantar interossei perform?

A

Adduction

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17
Q

What do the planter interossei arise from?

A

Single metatarsal as unipennate muscles

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18
Q

What action do the dorsal interossie perform?

A

Abduction

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19
Q

What do the dorsal interossei arise from?

A

Two metatarsals as bipennate muscles

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20
Q

What are the two closely connected muscles on the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis brevis

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21
Q

What muscles make up the first layer of the foot?

A

Abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, and flexor digitorum brevis

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22
Q

What muscles make up the second layer of the foot?

A

Lumbricals and quadrate plantae

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23
Q

What muscles make up the third layer of the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and adductor hallucis

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24
Q

What muscles make up the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei and dorsal interossei

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25
Q

What is the origin of the abductor hallucis?

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

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26
Q

Where does the abductor hallucis insert?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

27
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor hallucis?

A

Medial planter nerve (S2, S3)

28
Q

What action does the abductor hallucis perform?

A

Abducts and flexes great toe

29
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

30
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum brevis insert?

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

31
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial planter nerve (S2, S3)

32
Q

What action does the flexor digitorum brevis perform?

A

Flexes lateral four digits

33
Q

What is the origin of the abductor digit minimi?

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and inter muscular septa

34
Q

Where does the abductor digit minimi insert?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

35
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

36
Q

What action does the abudctor digiti minimi perform?

A

Abducts and flexes 5th digit

37
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus plantae?

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

38
Q

Where does the quadratus plantae insert?

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

39
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

40
Q

What action does the quadratus plantae perform?

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

41
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

42
Q

Where do the lumbricals insert?

A

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

43
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

Medial one- medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Lateral three- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

44
Q

What action do the lumbricals perform?

A

Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

45
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

46
Q

Where does the flexor hallucis brevis insert?

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

47
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

48
Q

What action does the flexor hallucis brevis perform?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of great toe

49
Q

What is the origin of the adductor hallucis?

A

Oblique head- bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Transverse head- plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints

50
Q

Where does the adductor hallucis insert?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

51
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor hallucis?

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

52
Q

What action does the adductor hallucis perform?

A

Adducts great toe, also assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

53
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

54
Q

Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis insert?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

55
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

56
Q

What action does the flexor digiti minimi brevis perform?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

57
Q

What is the origin of the plantar interossei?

A

Bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th metatarsals

58
Q

Where do the plantar interossei insert?

A

Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

59
Q

What is the innervation of the plantar interossei?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

60
Q

What action do the plantar interossei perform?

A

Adduct 3rd-5th digits and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

61
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of 1st-5th metatarsals

62
Q

Where do the dorsal interossei insert?

A

First- medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

Second to fourth- lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

63
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

64
Q

What action do the dorsal interossei perform?

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Lower Limb (17 decks)

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