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Lower Limb > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What motion are muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg responsible for?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and extension of the toes

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2
Q

What four muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve, one of two terminal branches of common fibular nerve

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4
Q

Which artery does the deep fibular nerve run with?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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5
Q

Which artery supplies structures in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery, a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery

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6
Q

What two muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve, a terminal branch of the common fibular nerve

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8
Q

What happens to the anterior tibial artery at the ankle joint, midway between the malleoli?

A

It becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

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9
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

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10
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior insert?

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

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12
Q

What action does the tibialis anterior perform?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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13
Q

What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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14
Q

Where does the extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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16
Q

What action does the extensor hallucis longus perform?

A

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

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17
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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18
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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20
Q

What action does the extensor digitorum longus perform?

A

Extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

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21
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis tertius?

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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22
Q

Where does the fibularis tertius insert?

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis tertius?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

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24
Q

What action does the fibularis tertius perform?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

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25
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis longus?

A

Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

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26
Q

Where does the fibularis longus insert?

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

28
Q

What action does the fibularis longus perform?

A

Evert foot; weakly plantar flex ankle, and supports transverse arch of foot

29
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis brevis?

A

Middle part of lateral surface of fibula

30
Q

Where does the fibularis brevis insert?

A

Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

31
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

32
Q

What action does the fibularis brevis perform?

A

Evert foot; weakly plantar flex ankle

33
Q

What movement are muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg responsible for?

A

Plantarflexion

34
Q

What muscles make up the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantartis

35
Q

What type of muscle is the gastrocnemius?

A

Fusiform muscle

36
Q

What muscles make up the deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

37
Q

Which muscle unlocks the fully extended knee joint?

A

Popliteus

38
Q

Which nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

39
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg and foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery

40
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral head- lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Medial head- popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

41
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius insert?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

42
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

43
Q

What action does the gastrocnemius perform?

A

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking and flexes knee joint

44
Q

What is the origin of the soleus?

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

45
Q

Where does the soleus insert?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

46
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

47
Q

What action does the soleus perform?

A

Plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

48
Q

What is the origin of the plantaris?

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

49
Q

Where does the plantaris insert?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

50
Q

What is the innervation of the plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

51
Q

What action does the plantaris perform?

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle; function is probably mainly propioceptive

52
Q

What is the origin of the popliteus?

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

53
Q

Where does the popliteus insert?

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

54
Q

What is the innervation of the popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

55
Q

What action does the popliteus perform?

A

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

56
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

57
Q

Where does the flexor hallucis longus insert?

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

58
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

59
Q

What action does the flexor hallucis longus perform?

A

Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; support medial longitudinal arch of foot

60
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon of fibula

61
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

62
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

63
Q

What action does the flexor digitorum longus perform?

A

Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arch of foot

64
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

65
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior insert?

A

Primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

66
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

67
Q

What action does the tibialis posterior perform?

A

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Lower Limb (17 decks)

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