Muscles Key Terms Flashcards
What are Muscle fibres?
They make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type 1, type 2a and type 2x.
What is a Type 1 muscle fibre?
Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work e.g marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.
What is a Type 2A muscle fibre?
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.
What is a Type 2x muscle fibre?
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.
What is Myoglobin?
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles
What is a Antagonistic pair or muscles?
Muscles that work together to create movement
What is the muscle doing the work called?
Agonist
What is the muscle relaxing calles?
Antagonist
What are the functions of the musculo skeletal system?
They store minerals Produce blood cells Use joints for movement Protection Muscle attachment
What are the 4 categories for bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
What are the classification of joints?
Pivot
Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid
What does a pivot joint do?
It allows bones to rotate. There are 3 pivot joints in the body: wrist, elbow and neck.
What does a hinge joint do?
Allows only backwards and forward motion. For example the knee, elbow and ankle
What does the ball and socket joint do?
The rounded head of a long bone fits into a cup shaped-hole. Both the hip and shoulder joints are ball and socket.
What does the condyloid joints do?
It’s similar to the ball and socket but instead of going into the socket it rests on the end of the bone. This allows circular motion. For example the wrist.
What are the types of movement?
Flexion Extension Addiction Abduction Rotation Circumduction Doris-flexion Plantar- flexion
What is flexion?
A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
What is extension?
Straightening movement that increase the angle between body parts
What is adduction?
Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
What is abduction?
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
What is rotation?
Movement around a single axis or pivot point
What is circumduction?
Moving in a circular or conical shape.
What is the Dorsi-flexion movement?
Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the skin.
What is the plantar-flexion movement?
Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the skin.
What are ligaments?
Elastic fibres that join one bone to another usually to hold things together and keep them stable.
What are tendons?
Non elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and help to move them.
Give an example of a ligament
Cruciate knee logament
Give an example of the tendons
Achilles tendon
