Muscles Key Terms

Question 1

What are Muscle fibres?

Answer 1

They make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type 1, type 2a and type 2x.

Question 2

What is a Type 1 muscle fibre?

Answer 2

Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work e.g marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.

Question 3

What is a Type 2A muscle fibre?

Answer 3

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.

Question 4

What is a Type 2x muscle fibre?

Answer 4

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.

Question 5

What is Myoglobin?

Answer 5

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles

Question 6

What is a Antagonistic pair or muscles?

Answer 6

Muscles that work together to create movement

Question 7

What is the muscle doing the work called?

Answer 7

Agonist

Question 8

What is the muscle relaxing calles?

Answer 8

Antagonist

Question 9

What are the functions of the musculo skeletal system?

Answer 9

They store minerals
Produce blood cells
Use joints for movement
Protection 
Muscle attachment

Question 10

What are the 4 categories for bones?

Answer 10

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

Question 11

What are the classification of joints?

Answer 11

Pivot
Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid

Question 12

What does a pivot joint do?

Answer 12

It allows bones to rotate. There are 3 pivot joints in the body: wrist, elbow and neck.

Question 13

What does a hinge joint do?

Answer 13

Allows only backwards and forward motion. For example the knee, elbow and ankle

Question 14

What does the ball and socket joint do?

Answer 14

The rounded head of a long bone fits into a cup shaped-hole. Both the hip and shoulder joints are ball and socket.

Question 15

What does the condyloid joints do?

Answer 15

It’s similar to the ball and socket but instead of going into the socket it rests on the end of the bone. This allows circular motion. For example the wrist.

Question 16

What are the types of movement?

Answer 16

Flexion
Extension
Addiction
Abduction
Rotation
Circumduction 
Doris-flexion
Plantar- flexion

Question 17

What is flexion?

Answer 17

A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Question 18

What is extension?

Answer 18

Straightening movement that increase the angle between body parts

Question 19

What is adduction?

Answer 19

Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body

Question 20

What is abduction?

Answer 20

Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body

Question 21

What is rotation?

Answer 21

Movement around a single axis or pivot point

Question 22

What is circumduction?

Answer 22

Moving in a circular or conical shape.

Question 23

What is the Dorsi-flexion movement?

Answer 23

Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the skin.

Question 24

What is the plantar-flexion movement?

Answer 24

Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the skin.

Question 25

What are ligaments?

Answer 25

Elastic fibres that join one bone to another usually to hold things together and keep them stable.

Question 26

What are tendons?

Answer 26

Non elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and help to move them.

Question 27

Give an example of a ligament

Answer 27

Cruciate knee logament

Question 28

Give an example of the tendons

Answer 28

Achilles tendon