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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum, upper costal cartilages

Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

Function: adduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation

Nerve supply: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

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2
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: sternal end of ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process

Function: depresses shoulder forward and downward

Nerve supply: medial pectoral nerve

Blood supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

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3
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin: upper 8 ribs

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: draws scapula forwards, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity faces upwards

Nerve supply: long thoracic nerve

Blood supply: circumflex humeral artery

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4
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: lateral 1/3rd clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: abduction, ant (flexion and medial rotation), post (extends and lateral rotation)

Nerve supply: axillary nerve

Blood supply: posterior circumflex humeral artery

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5
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

Function: adduction, medial rotation

Nerve supply: lower subscapular nerve from posterior cord

Blood supply: subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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6
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: superior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: initiates abduction of arm

Nerve supply: suprascapular nerve

Blood supply: suprascapular artery

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7
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: laterally rotates arm

Nerve supply: suprascapular nerve

Blood supply: suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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8
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: laterally rotates arm

Nerve supply: axillary nerve

Blood supply: subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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9
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus

Function: medial rotation, abduction

Nerve supply: upper and lower subscapular nerve

Blood supply: subscapular artery

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10
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula, conjoint tendon with short head of biceps

Insertion: medial aspect, half way down shaft of humerus

Function: arm flexion, adduction

Nerve supply: musculocutaenous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery

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11
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin: long head supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Function: flexor of shoulder, flexor of elbow, supinator of forearm

Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery

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12
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: distal half of anterior humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of ulna

Function: major flexor of forearm

Nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve

Blood supply: brachial artery, recurrent radial artery

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13
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: long head infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral head posterior aspect of humerus above spiral groove of humerus, medial head posterior aspect of humerus below spiral groove

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Function: extensor of forearm

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: profunda brachii artery

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14
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Function: pronates forearm, flexes forearm

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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15
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Function: flexes wrist, abducts hand

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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16
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, medial margin on olecranon of ulna

Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal bone

Function: flexes wrist, adducts hand

Nerve supply: ulnar nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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17
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Function: flexes hand, tightens palmar aponeurosis

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin: humeoulnar head-medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament and coronoid process of ulna; radial head- superior half of anterior border of radius

Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: flexes phalanges at PIP and DIP for 2-5

Nerve supply: median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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19
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

Function: pronates forearm

Nerve supply: anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

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20
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of digit 1

Function: flexes phalanges of thumb

Nerve supply: anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: anterior interosseous artery

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21
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: flexes distal phalanges at DIP for 2-5, assists with flexion of hand

Nerve supply: medial part- ulnar nerve; lateral part- anterior interosseous nerve- branch of median nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery, interosseous artery

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22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: above lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Function: extend wrist, abduct wrist

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: radial artery

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23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Function: extend wrist, adduct wrist

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: radial artery

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24
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Function: extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends hand at wrist

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: interosseous recurrent artery, post interosseous artery

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25
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: proximal and distal phalanx of digit 5

Function: extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal joint, extends 5th digit at interphalangeal joint

Nerve supply: post interosseous nerve

Blood supply: interosseous recurrent artery

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26
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

Function: extends wrist, adducts wrist

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

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27
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Function: flexes forearm when half pronated

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: radial recurrent artery

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28
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, crest of ulna

Insertion: lateral, proximal 1/3 of radius

Function: supinates forearm

Nerve supply: deep branch of radial nerve

Blood supply: recurrent interosseous artery

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29
Q

Aconeus

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: lateral surface of the olecranon, superior aspect of posterior surface of ulna

Function: assists triceps in extending forearm, stabilises elbow joint, abducts ulna during pronation

Nerve supply: radial nerve

Blood supply: deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery

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30
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna, radius, interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal

Function: abducts digit 1, extends at carpometacarpal joint

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

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31
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: posterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

Function: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

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32
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Origin: posterior surface of middle 1/3rd of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Function: extends digit 1 at phalanx at carpometacarpal joint, extends digit 1 at interphalangeal joint

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

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33
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Origin: posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Function: extends 2nd digit, helps extend hand

Nerve supply: posterior interosseous nerve

Blood supply: posterior interosseous artery

34
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Origin: oblique head- base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal; transverse head- 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Function: adducts thumb

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: deep palmar arch

35
Q

Lumbricals

A

Origin: flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: dorsal digital expansion of digits 2,4,5

Function: adducts digits, assists lumbricals

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: palmar metacarpal arteries

36
Q

Palmar interossei (3)

A

Origin: 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals

Insertion: dorsal digital expansions of digits 2,4,5

Function: adduct digits, assists lumbricals

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: palmar metacarpal arteries

37
Q

Dorsal interossei (4)

A

Origin: adjacent sides of metacarpals

Insertion: dorsal digital expansions

Function: abduct digits, assist lumbricals

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: dorsal metacarpal arteries, palmar metacarpal arteries

38
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1

Function: abducts thumb, helps opposition

Nerve supply: recurrent branch of median nerve

Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery

39
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium

Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 1

Function: flexes thumb

Nerve supply: recurrent branch of median nerve

Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery

40
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Origin: pisiform, hamate, flexor retinaculum

Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5

Function: abducts little finger

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

41
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum

Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5

Function: flexes digit 5

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

42
Q

Opponens digit minimi

A

Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum, pisiform

Insertion: medial border of 5th metacarpal

Function: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, brings little finger into opposition with thumb

Nerve supply: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Blood supply: ulnar artery

43
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: upper fibres- external occipital protuberance of skull, spines of cervical vertebrae via ligamentum nuchae; middle fibres- spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae; lower fibres- spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: upper fibres- lateral 1/3rd clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; middle fibres- spine of scapula; lower fibres- spine of scapula more medially

Function: stabilises scapula, rotates upper and lower together; upper firbes- elevate scapula, abducts arm; middle fibres- retract scapula, adducts scapula; lower fibres- depress scapula

Nerve supply: spinal root of accessory nerve, cranial nerves

Blood supply: transverse cervical artery

44
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3rd of iliac crest, spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Function: medial rotation of arm, adduction, extension

Nerve supply: thoracodorsal nerve

Blood supply: thoracodorsal artery

45
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: posterior aspect of transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae

Insertion: superomedial angle of scapula

Function: elevates scapula

Nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve

Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery

46
Q

Rhomboids

A

Origin: spines of C7, upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: retracts scapula, rotates scapula

Nerve supply: dorsal scapular nerve

Blood supply: dorsal scapular artery

47
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Origin: lower cervical spinous processes, upper thoracic spinous processes

Insertion: upper ribs

Function: elevates upper ribs, respiration

Nerve supply: anterior primary rami (T2-5)

Blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries, dorsal scapular artery

48
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Origin: lower thoracic spinous processes, upper lumbar spinous processes

Insertion: lower ribs

Function: depresses lower ribs, respiration

Nerve supply: anterior primary rami (T9-12)

Blood supply: branches from lumbar arteries

49
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Origin: lower half of nuchal ligament

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

Function: head extension, lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine

Nerve supply: posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3 and C4

Blood supply: muscular branches of aorta

50
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Origin: spinous processes of 3rd to 6th thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: transverse processes of upper 2 or 3 cervical vertebrae

Function: extension of cervical spine, rotation to ipsilateral side, lateral flexion to ipsilateral side

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of C5-C7

Blood supply: superior intercostal artery

51
Q

Spinales

A

Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis

Insertion: thoracic spinous processes, skull

Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery

52
Q

Longissimus

A

Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis

Insertion: thoracic and cervical transverse processes, ribs

Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery

53
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis

Insertion: ribs, cervical transverse processes

Function: bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery

54
Q

Multifidus

A

Origin: transverse processes, upper thoracic and neck region

Insertion: spinous processes

Function: stabilises the vertebral column

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery

55
Q

Semispinalis

A

Origin: transverse processes

Insertion: spinous processes

Function: extend and rotate head and vertebral column

Nerve supply: dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery

56
Q

Gluteus maximus (superficial)

A

Origin: ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract

Function: extension, lateral rotation, supports extended knee

Nerve supply: inferior gluteal nerve

Blood supply: inferior gluteal vessels

57
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter

Function: abduction, medial rotation

Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve

Blood supply: superior gluteal vessels

58
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin: ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter

Function: abduction, medial rotation

Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve

Blood supply: superior gluteal vessels

59
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion: greater trochanter

Function: lateral rotation of extended thigh

Nerve supply: branches from sacral plexus

Blood supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries

60
Q

Gemellus superior/ obturator internus/ gemelles inferior/ quadratus femoris

A

Origin: ischium/ ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: greater trochanter

Function: stabilise hip, lateral rotation

Nerve supply: branches from sacral plexus

Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

61
Q

Quadriceps femoris

  • rectus femoris
  • vastus laterallis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
A

Origin: rectus femoris- anterior inferior iliac spine; others all femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Function: extend knee, flex hip

Nerve supply: femoral nerve

Blood supply: femoral artery

62
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: tibia

Function: flexes thigh, flexes leg

Nerve supply: femoral nerve

Blood supply: femoral artery

63
Q

Hamstrings

  • semimebranosus
  • semitendinosis
  • biceps femoris (long and short head)
A

Origin: ischial tuberosity; short head of biceps femoris is shaft of femur

Insertion: semimemranosus and semitendinosus- tibia; biceps femoris- head of fibula

Function: flex knee, extend hip, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Nerve supply: sciatic nerve- tibial component; short head of biceps femoris- common fibular nerve

Blood supply: profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery

64
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: femur (below less trochanter)

Function: adduction

Nerve supply: femoral nerve

Blood supply: medial femoral circumflex artery

65
Q

Adductor longus

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera

Function: adduction

Nerve supply: obturator nerve

Blood supply: obturator artery, medial femoral circumflex artery

66
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: medial aspect of superior end of tibia

Function: adduction

Nerve supply: obturator nerve

Blood supply: medial femoral circumflex artery

67
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera

Function: adduction

Nerve supply: obturator nerve

Blood supply: obturator artery, medial femoral circumflex artery

68
Q

Adductor magnus

  • adductor part
  • hamstring part
A

Origin: adductor part- ischiopubic ramus; hamstring part- ischial tuberosity

Insertion: adductor part- whole length of linea aspera; hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur

Function: adduction; hamstring part- extension

Nerve supply: adductor part- obturator nerve; hamstring part- sciatic nerve

Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery

69
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: medial cuneiform bone, first metatarsal

Function: dorsiflexion of ankle, inverts foot

Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

70
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: middle and distal phalanx of toes 2-5

Function: dorsiflexion of ankle, extend lateral 4 toes

Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

71
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin: anterior aspect of tibia/ fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe

Function: dosriflexion of ankle, extends great toe

Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

72
Q

Gastrocnemius

- two heads

A

Origin: both condyles of femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Function: leg flexion, plantarflexion

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: sural artery- branch of popliteal artery

73
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: tibia, fibula, soleal line

Insertion: calcaneus

Function: leg flexion, plantar flexion

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: peroneal artery- proximally; posterior tibial artery- distally

74
Q

Plantaris

A

Origin: femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Function: leg flexion, plantar flexion

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: sural arteries

75
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin: posterior tibia

Insertion: lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus

Function: laterally rotates femur on tibia to unlock knee

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: branch from popliteal artery, branch from posterior tibial artery

76
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe

Function: plantar flex ankle, flex great toe

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: branch from peroneal artery, branch from posterior tibial artery

77
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: tibia

Insertion: distal phalanx of toes 2-5

Function: plantar flex ankle, flex lateral 4 toes

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: branch from posterior tibial artery

78
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Origin: tibia, fibula

Insertion: navicular, medial cuneiform

Function: plantar flex ankle, inverter of foot

Nerve supply: tibial nerve

Blood supply: posterior tibial artery

79
Q

Peroneus longus

A

Origin: upper lateral surface of fibula

Insertion: medial cuneiform bone, first metatarsal

Function: everts foot, plantarflexion

Nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery, peroneal arteries

80
Q

Peroneus brevis

A

Origin: lower lateral surface of fibula

Insertion: fifth metatarsal bone

Function: evert foot

Nerve supply: superficial peroneal nerve

Blood supply: peroneal artery

81
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: calcaneus

Insertion: proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2,3,4

Function: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of digit 1, extension of toes

Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve

Blood supply: peroneal artery

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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