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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Morphological plan of the lower limb > Flashcards

Morphological plan of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Comparison with upper limb

A

Lower limbs closer together

Extensors are anterior

Flexors are posterior

Medial rotation in development

Brings posterior compartment anterior

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2
Q

Skeleton

A

Pelvis

Femur

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsal bones x7

Metatarsals x5
Phalanges x14

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3
Q

Limb movements

A

Flexion/ extension

Abduction/ adduction

Lateral/ medial rotation

Pronation/ supination

Circumduction

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4
Q

Joints

A

Hip joint

Knee joint

Ankle joint

Joints of the foot

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5
Q

Functional compartments

A

Gluteal

Thigh

  • anterior (extensors of knee)
  • posterior (flexors of knee)
  • medial (adductors of thigh)

Leg

  • anterior (extensors of foot_
  • posterior (flexors of foot)
  • lateral (everters of foot)

Foot

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6
Q

Three gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus (extensor and lateral rotator)

Gluteus medius (abductor and medial rotator)

Gluteus minimus (abductor and medial rotator)

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7
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: ilium

Inserts: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract

Supplied by inferior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus

A

Origin: ilium

Inserts: greater trochanter

Supplied by superior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

Small muscles of the gluteal region

A

Equivalent to rotator cuff

  • stabilise hip
  • lateral rotation of extended thigh

Origin: sacrum (piriformis) and ischium/ ischiopubic ramus

Inserts: greater trochanter

Supplied by branches from sacral plexus

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10
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh

A

Quadriceps

  • extend knee
  • rectus femoris- also flexion of hip

Origin: anteiror inferior iliac spine and femur

Insert: tibial tuberosity

Supplied by femoral nerve

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11
Q

Parts of quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Vastus intermedius

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12
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh

A

Hamstrings

  • flex knee
  • extend hip
  • medial rotation
  • lateral rotation

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Inserts: tibia, fibula

Supplied by sciatic nerve

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13
Q

Medial compartment of thigh

A 
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Adductor magnus

Origin: pubis and ischium

Inserts: linea aspera

Adduction, medial rotation

Supplied by obturator nerve

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14
Q

Movements of the thigh

A

Flexion

Abduction

Extension

Adduction

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15
Q

Flexion of the thigh

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Iliopsoas

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16
Q

Extension of the thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

17
Q

Abduction of the thigh

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

18
Q

Adduction of the thigh

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor part of adductor magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

19
Q

Nerve supply

A

Lumbar plexus
- anterior rami L1 to L4

Sacral plexus

  • anterior rami L4 to L5 (via lumbrosacral trunk)
  • anterior rami S1 to S4

Femoral nerve L2 to L4

Obturator nerve L2 to L4

Sciatic nerve L4 to S3

20
Q

Femoral nerve

A

From lumbar plexus

Motor: anterior compartment of thigh

Sensory: skin over anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot

21
Q

Obturator nerve

A

From lumbar plexus

Motor: medial compartment of thigh (except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Sensory: skin over medial thigh

22
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

From sacral plexus

Motor: posterior compartment of thigh, and leg and foot

Sensory: skin over leg and foot (except medial side)

23
Q

Blood supply

A 
External iliac artery
-> (through inguinal ligament)
Femoral artery
-> (through adductor hiatus)
Politeal artery
->
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
24
Q

Popliteal artery

A

Divides in leg as anterior/ posterior tibial arteries

25
Q

Venous drainage

A

Deep veins follow arteries

Two major superficial veins

  • great or long saphenous vein
  • small or short saphenous vein
26
Q

Varicose veins

A

Damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins

27
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

Longest vein in the body

Drains medial side of arch

Medial side of limb

Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

28
Q

Short saphenous vein

A

Drains lateral side of arch

Pierces deep popliteal fascia

Drains into popliteal vein

29
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Follow general pattern of superficial and deep veins

Superficial inguinal nodes
- drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb

Deep inguinal nodes
- beside femoral vein

30
Q

Produna femoris artery

A

Branch of femoral artery

Large branch to posterior thigh

31
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Lateral- medial

  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
  • lymphatics

Femoral nerve does not sit in the femoral sheath

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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