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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of the shoulder region > Flashcards

Anatomy of the shoulder region Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal components

A

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Joints

  • glenohumeral joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
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2
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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3
Q

Ligaments of the shoulder region

A

Stabilise/ support the shoulder region

  • coracoclavicular
  • acromioclavicular
  • coracoacromial
  • glenohumeral
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4
Q

Coracolavicular

A

Two parts

Major stabilising ligament

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5
Q

Coracoacromial

A

Forms arch

Provides support for head of humerus

Prevents superior dislocation

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6
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Highly mobile ball and socket joint

  • abduction/ adduction
  • flexion/ extension
  • lateral/ medial rotation
  • circrumduction
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7
Q

Abduction of the arm

A

Performed by deltoid

Supplied by axillary nerve

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8
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: spine of scapula and acromion and clavicle

Insert: deltoid tuberosity

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9
Q

Deltoid muscle fibres

A

Posterior fibres: extension and lateral rotation

Anterior fibres: flexion and medial rotation

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10
Q

Adduction of the arm

A

Performed by latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

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11
Q

Abduction/ adduction of the arm

A

Glenohumeral joint accommodates parts of movement

Rotation of scapula increases range of movement

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12
Q

Flexion of the arm

A

Short head of biceps

Long head of biceps

Coracobrachialis

Anterior fibres of deltoid

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13
Q

Extension of the arm

A

Long head of triceps

Posterior fibres of deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

Glenohumeral joint stability

A

Large humeral head

Shallow glenoid fossa

Unstable structure

Most frequently dislocated joint

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15
Q

Factors increasing stability

A

Coracoacromial arch

Glenohumeral ligaments

Deepening of glenoid fossa by glenoid labrum

Long heads of biceps (above) and triceps (below)

Tendons of rotator cuff muscles

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16
Q

Coracoacromial arch

A

Prevents superior dislocation

17
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Supports anterior of joint

18
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Deepends glenoid fossa

19
Q

Long head of niceps and triceps

A

Split joint

Long head biceps passes through capsule

20
Q

Tendons of the rotator cuff

A

Four muscles

Insert on humerus close to joint

Fuse with the joint capsule

Forms cuff around joint

21
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscpularis

Surround joint on all sides except inferiorly

22
Q

Rotator cuff muscles insertion

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert into the greater tubercle

23
Q

Rotator cuff function

A

Together: stabilise humeral head on glenoid fossa

Supraspinatus: initiate abduction

Infraspinatus: lateral rotation

Teres minor: lateral rotation

Subscapularis: medial rotation

24
Q

Teres major

A

Should also be considered with the rotator cuff muscles

Performs medial rotation

Stabilises the humerus during abduction

25
Q

Supraspinatus impingement

A

Supraspinatus most commonly injured

Limited space for tendon under coracoacromial arch

26
Q

Blood supply

A

Rich blood supply

Scapula anastomosis

Allows continuous supply of blood to shoulder region during movement

From subclavian and axillary arteries

27
Q

Nerve supply to the shoulder

A

From the brachial plexus

Posterior cord

Suprascapular nerve

28
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus

A

Within axilla

Below pectoralis minor

29
Q

Posterior cord

A

Upper/ lower subscapular nerves- subscapularis, teres major

Thoracodorsal nerve- latissimus dorsi

30
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Between teres minor, humerus, teres major, long head of triceps

Clinical- fractiure of surgical neck can damage nerve and vessel

31
Q

Lateral cord

A

Lateral pectoral nerve- pectoralis major

32
Q

Medial cord

A

Medial pectoral nerve- pectoralis major/ minor

Medial cutaneous nerves to arm and forearm

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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