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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the foot

A

Support body weight

Stability/ standing

Locomotion/ propulsion (lever)

Shock asborption

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2
Q

Bones of the leg

A

Fibula

Tibia

  • lateral malleolus
  • medial malleolus
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3
Q

Bones of the foot

A

Tarsal

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Sesamoid bones

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4
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Calcaneous

Talus

Cuboid

Navicular

Cuneiforms

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5
Q

Movement of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion/ extension

Plantarflexion/ flexion

Eversion

Inversion

Supination

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6
Q

Joints of the foot

A

Ankle joint
- dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion

Intertarsal joints

  • invert/ evert
  • supinate/ pronate

Metatarsophalangeal joints

  • extension/ flexion
  • limited abduction/ adduction

Interphalangeal joints
- extension/ flexion

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7
Q

Ankle

A

Articulation between the thalus and tibia/ fibula

Synovial hinge joint

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8
Q

Ankle

A

Stabilised by collateral ligaments

Lateral ligament- lateral malleolus to talus/ calcaneous

Medial/ deltoid ligament- medial malleolus to talus/ calcaneous/ navicular

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9
Q

Clinical: ankle

A

Injury to lateral ligament (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

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10
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Between talus and calcaneous (and navicular)

Allows inversion/ eversion during locomotion

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11
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

Between forefoot and hindfoot

Allows pronation/ supination (eversion/ inversion of forefoot)

Important for standing on uneven ground

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12
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Thickening of deep fascia

Protects underlying structures

Supports longitudinal arch

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13
Q

Clinical: plantar aponeurosis

A

Plantar fasciitis (inflammation due to overuse)

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14
Q

Arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

Function

  • shock absorbers during locomotion
  • act as springboards
  • distribution of weight (to calcaneous and ball of foot)
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15
Q

Longitudinal arches

A

Lateral and medial arches

Supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

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16
Q

Clinical: longitudinal arches

A

Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)

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17
Q

Transverse arch

A

Supported by long tendons

18
Q

Muscle compartments

A

Anterior
- extend/ invert foot

Posterior
- flex/ invert foot

Lateral
- evert foot

19
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

A

Three muscles

Extend and invert foot

Origin: tibia and fibula

Supplied by deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior
- extends/ inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longus
- extends lateral 4 toes

Extensor hallucis longus
- extends great toe

20
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges

21
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

22
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

23
Q

Posterior compartment of leg- superficial group

A

Flex foot and leg

Supplied by tibial nerve

Plantaris

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

Tendo calcaneous

24
Q

Posterior compartment of leg- deep group

A

Flex and invert foot and flex toes

Origin: tibia and fibula

Supplied by tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

Flexor hallucis longus

25
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Distal phalanges

26
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

27
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Medial cuneiform and navicular

28
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

A

Evert foot

Supplied by superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis longus
- everts and plantar flexes foot

Fibularis brevis

29
Q

Lateral long tendons of the foot

A

Extensor retinaculum

Fibular retinaculum

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis longus/ brevis

30
Q

Medial long tendons of the foot

A

Flexor retinaculum

Tibialis anterior

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallucis longus

31
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Many layers

  • dorsal extensors- 1 layer
  • plantar flexors/ abductors/ adductors- 4 layers
32
Q

Blood supply

A

Posterior compartment

  • popliteal artery
  • anterior tibial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • fibular artery
33
Q

Tarsal tunnel

A

Contents

  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • posterior tibial artery/ vein
  • tibial nerve
  • flexor hallucis longus
34
Q

Clinical: tarsal tunnel

A

Pulse and tarsal tunnel syndrome

35
Q

Blood supply: anterior compartment

A

Anterior tibial artery

Dorsalis pedis
- sites behind the extensor hallucis longus tendon

Anastomosis with deep plantar arch

36
Q

Clinical: dorsalis pedis artery

A

Pulse

37
Q

Nerve supply to the leg

A

Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

Tibial- posterior compartment

Deep fibular- anterior compartment

Superficial fibular- lateral compartment

38
Q

Clinical: tibial nerve

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

39
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Motor: posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles

40
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

Motor

  • deep: anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
  • superficial: lateral compartment of leg
41
Q

Clinical: common fibular nerve

A

Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)

42
Q

Cutaneous nerves

A

Common fibular nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Saphenous nerve (femoral nerve)

Sural nerve (tibial nerve)

Medial/ lateral plantar nerves (tibial) supply sole of foot

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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