Gait Flashcards
Walking
Simple- we can do it without having to think about it too much
Complicated- involves many structures in the body
- MSK
- nervous system
- CV
- special senses
Gait
Straight line walking/ running
Jumping
Terrain adjustment
Turning
Stride divided into periods
Stance and swing
Stance divided into tasks
Weight acceptance
Single limb support
Swing divided into task
Limb advancement
Weight acceptance divided into phases
Initial contact
Loading response
Single limb support divided into phases
Mid stance
Terminal stance
Pre swing
Limb advancement divided into phases
Pre swing
Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal swing
Initial contact (0-2%)- position of the joints
Hip flexion
Knee neutral/ extension
Ankle dorsiflexion/ neutral
1st MTPJ dorsiflexion/ neutral
Initial contact (0-2%)- muscle activities
Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion
Gracillis contracts (i) to control hip flexion and knee extension
Knee flexors contract (c) to start knee flexion
Knee extensors contract (e) to control knee flexion
Ankle dorsiflexors contract (e) to prevent foot slapping
Loading response (2-12%)- position of the joints
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Ankle plantarflexion
1st MTPJ neutral
Loading response (2-12%)- muscle activities
Hip extensors contract (c) to start hip extension
Knee flexors contract (c) to keep knee if flexion
Knee extensors contract (e) to control knee flexion
Gastroc contracts (c) to keep knee in flexion
Ankle dorsiflexors contract (e) to prevent foot slapping
Ankle plantarflexors contract (c) to bring foot to the ground
Mid stance (12-31%)- position of the joints
Hip neutral
Knee extension
Ankle neutral
1st MTPJ neutral
Mid stance (12-31%)- muscle activities
Hip extensors contract (c) to keep the hip in extension
Knee flexors contract (e) to control knee extension via momentum
Gastroc contracts (e) to control knee extension via momentum
Ankle plantarflexors contract (e) to stabilise the foot
Terminal stance (31%-50%)- position of the joints
Hip extension
Knee full extension
Ankle dorsiflexion
1st MTPJ neutral/ dorsiflexion
Terminal stance (31-50%)- muscle activities
Hip flexors contract (e) to control hip extension via momentum
Gastroc contracts (e) to control knee extension via momentum
Ankle plantarflexors contract (e) to control ankle dorsiflexion via body weight
Pre-swing (50-62%)- positions of the joint
Hip neutral
Knee flexion
Ankle plantarflexion
1st MTPJ dorsiflexion
Pre-sing (50-62%)- muscle activities
Hip flexors contract (c) to start hip flexion
Gracilis contracts (c) to assist the knee in flexion
Gastroc contracts (c) to bring the knee into flexion
Ankle plantarflexion contract (c) to propel the body forward
Then ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground
Initial swing (62-75%)- position of the joints
Hip neutral/ flexion
Knee flexion
Ankle neutral/ dorsiflexion
1st MTPJ dorsiflexion/ neutral
Initial swing (62-75%)- muscle activities
Hip flexors contract (c) to keep the hip in flexion
Gracilis contracts (c) to keep the knee in flexion
Ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground
Mid swing (75-87%)- position of the joints
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Ankle dorsiflexion
1st MTPJ dorsiflexion
Mid swing (75-87%)- muscle activities
Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion
Gracilis contracts (c) to keep the hip and knee in flexion
Knee flexors contract (c) to keep keep the lower leg off the ground
Ankle dorsiflexors contact (c) to keep the foot off the ground
Terminal swing (87-100%)- position of the joints
Hip flexion
Knee flexion/ neutral
Ankle dorsiflexion
1st MTPJ dorsiflexion
Terminal swing (87-100%)- muscle activities
Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion via momentum
Gracili contracts (i) to control hip flexion and knee extension
Knee extensors contract (c) to bring the knee to extension
Ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground
Types of turning
Step turn
Ipsilateral pivot
Ipsilateral crossover
Base of support
BOS
Defined as the area within an outline of all ground contact points
Centre of mass
COM
The average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses
Complete picture of gait analysis
Daily walking
Activities
Surfacces
Musculoskeletal conditions
Arthritis
Tendinopathy
Ligament injury
Neurological conditions
Parkinson’s
Cerebral palsy
CVA
Peripheral neuropathy
Other causes of disruption in gait
Pain
Behavioural issues
Supply of energy
