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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Walking

A

Simple- we can do it without having to think about it too much

Complicated- involves many structures in the body

  • MSK
  • nervous system
  • CV
  • special senses
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2
Q

Gait

A

Straight line walking/ running

Jumping

Terrain adjustment

Turning

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3
Q

Stride divided into periods

A

Stance and swing

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4
Q

Stance divided into tasks

A

Weight acceptance

Single limb support

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5
Q

Swing divided into task

A

Limb advancement

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6
Q

Weight acceptance divided into phases

A

Initial contact

Loading response

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7
Q

Single limb support divided into phases

A

Mid stance

Terminal stance

Pre swing

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8
Q

Limb advancement divided into phases

A

Pre swing

Initial swing

Mid swing

Terminal swing

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9
Q

Initial contact (0-2%)- position of the joints

A

Hip flexion

Knee neutral/ extension

Ankle dorsiflexion/ neutral

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion/ neutral

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10
Q

Initial contact (0-2%)- muscle activities

A

Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion

Gracillis contracts (i) to control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee flexors contract (c) to start knee flexion

Knee extensors contract (e) to control knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (e) to prevent foot slapping

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11
Q

Loading response (2-12%)- position of the joints

A

Hip flexion

Knee flexion

Ankle plantarflexion

1st MTPJ neutral

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12
Q

Loading response (2-12%)- muscle activities

A

Hip extensors contract (c) to start hip extension

Knee flexors contract (c) to keep knee if flexion

Knee extensors contract (e) to control knee flexion

Gastroc contracts (c) to keep knee in flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (e) to prevent foot slapping

Ankle plantarflexors contract (c) to bring foot to the ground

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13
Q

Mid stance (12-31%)- position of the joints

A

Hip neutral

Knee extension

Ankle neutral

1st MTPJ neutral

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14
Q

Mid stance (12-31%)- muscle activities

A

Hip extensors contract (c) to keep the hip in extension

Knee flexors contract (e) to control knee extension via momentum

Gastroc contracts (e) to control knee extension via momentum

Ankle plantarflexors contract (e) to stabilise the foot

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15
Q

Terminal stance (31%-50%)- position of the joints

A

Hip extension

Knee full extension

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ neutral/ dorsiflexion

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16
Q

Terminal stance (31-50%)- muscle activities

A

Hip flexors contract (e) to control hip extension via momentum

Gastroc contracts (e) to control knee extension via momentum

Ankle plantarflexors contract (e) to control ankle dorsiflexion via body weight

17
Q

Pre-swing (50-62%)- positions of the joint

A

Hip neutral

Knee flexion

Ankle plantarflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

18
Q

Pre-sing (50-62%)- muscle activities

A

Hip flexors contract (c) to start hip flexion

Gracilis contracts (c) to assist the knee in flexion

Gastroc contracts (c) to bring the knee into flexion

Ankle plantarflexion contract (c) to propel the body forward

Then ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground

19
Q

Initial swing (62-75%)- position of the joints

A

Hip neutral/ flexion

Knee flexion

Ankle neutral/ dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion/ neutral

20
Q

Initial swing (62-75%)- muscle activities

A

Hip flexors contract (c) to keep the hip in flexion

Gracilis contracts (c) to keep the knee in flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground

21
Q

Mid swing (75-87%)- position of the joints

A

Hip flexion

Knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

22
Q

Mid swing (75-87%)- muscle activities

A

Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion

Gracilis contracts (c) to keep the hip and knee in flexion

Knee flexors contract (c) to keep keep the lower leg off the ground

Ankle dorsiflexors contact (c) to keep the foot off the ground

23
Q

Terminal swing (87-100%)- position of the joints

A

Hip flexion

Knee flexion/ neutral

Ankle dorsiflexion

1st MTPJ dorsiflexion

24
Q

Terminal swing (87-100%)- muscle activities

A

Hip extensors contract (e) to control hip flexion via momentum

Gracili contracts (i) to control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee extensors contract (c) to bring the knee to extension

Ankle dorsiflexors contract (c) to keep the foot off the ground

25
Q

Types of turning

A

Step turn

Ipsilateral pivot

Ipsilateral crossover

26
Q

Base of support

A

BOS

Defined as the area within an outline of all ground contact points

27
Q

Centre of mass

A

COM

The average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses

28
Q

Complete picture of gait analysis

A

Daily walking

Activities

Surfacces

29
Q

Musculoskeletal conditions

A

Arthritis

Tendinopathy

Ligament injury

30
Q

Neurological conditions

A

Parkinson’s

Cerebral palsy

CVA

Peripheral neuropathy

31
Q

Other causes of disruption in gait

A

Pain

Behavioural issues

Supply of energy

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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