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204: The Musculoskeletal System > Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow joint

A

Synovial hinge joint- flexion/ extension

Also proximal radioulnar joint
- pivot joint for supination/ pronation

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2
Q

Ligaments

A

Stabilise/ strengthen joint

Radial collateral ligament

Annular ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

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3
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Triangle region over anterior elbow

Between lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, bracioradialis, pronator teres

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4
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Important for venepuncture

Sits in cubital fossa

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5
Q

Forearm compartments

A

Flexor compartment
Extensor compartment

Long tendons enter hand

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6
Q

Flexor compartment

A

Anterior forearm

Superficial muscles

  • 3 flexors of wrist
  • 1 pronator

Intermediate muscles
- 1 flexor of digit 2-5

Deep muscles

  • 1 flexor of digits 2-5
  • 1 flexor of thumb
  • 1 pronator
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7
Q

Superficial flexor layer

A

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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8
Q

Intermediate flexor layer

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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9
Q

Deep flexor layer

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

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10
Q

Extensor compartment

A

Posteiror forearm

Superficial muscles

  • 3 extensors of wrist
  • 1 extensor of digits 2-5
  • 1 accessory extensor to digit 5
  • bracioradialis and anconeus

Deep muscles

  • 2 extensors of thumb
  • 1 abductor of thumb
  • 1 accessory extensor of digit 2
  • 1 supinator
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11
Q

Superficial extensor layer

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Brachioradialis: flexor when half pronated

Anconeus: stabilise elbow

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12
Q

Deep extensor layer

A

Supinator

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor indicis

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13
Q

Anatomical snuff box

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

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14
Q

Wrist abduction

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

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15
Q

Wrist adduction

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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16
Q

Muscles involved in supination

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

17
Q

Muscles involved in pronation

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

18
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve

Contents

  • median nerve
  • flexor policis longus
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
19
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Transverse carpal ligament

Prevents bowing of tendons

20
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Prevents bowing of tendons

Separates tendons into compartments

21
Q

Long tendon insertions

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
- into distal phalanx

Extensor digitorum
- into middle and distal phalanx

Flexor digitorum superficialis
- into middle phalanx

22
Q

Arterial supply

A

Cubital fossa: brachial artery divides into

  • radial artery: under brachioradialis
  • ulnar artery: under flexor carpi ulnaris, gives off common interosseous

Anastomosis around elbow joint

23
Q

Nerve supply

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

Radial nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

24
Q

Median nerve

A

Lies mid forearm between FDS and FDP

Branch- atnerior interosseous nerve

Passes through carpal tunnel

Motor supply to anterior compartment except FCU/ medial part of FDP

Sensory supply to lateral palm and d1,2,3, 1/2d4

25
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Motor supply to FCU and medial part FDP

Sensory supply to medial hand including 1/2d4 and d5

26
Q

Radial nerve

A

Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis

Divides into two branches

  • superficial branch: under brachioradialis, winds round to dorsum of hand
  • deep branch- posterior interosseous nerve: passes through supinator muscle, enters extensor compartment

Deep branch supplies posterior compartment

Superficial branch supplies lat dorsum hand

27
Q

Clinical: superficial layer of flexor compartment

A

Golfers elbow

Epicondylitis at CFO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse/ excessive gripping

28
Q

Clinical: superficial layer of extensor compartment

A

Tennis elbow

Epicondylitis at CEO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse/ forceful extension

29
Q

Clinical: carpal tunnel

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Median nerve compression

Due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel

Associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy

30
Q

Clinical: ulnar nerve

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome

31
Q

Clinical: radial nerve

A

Wrist drop

204: The Musculoskeletal System (23 decks)

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