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Anatomy > Muscles 2 > Flashcards

Muscles 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first group of upper limb muscles?

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoids

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2
Q

Where are the first group of upper limb muscles (Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoids)

A

Muscles that arise from the shoulder girdle and cross the shoulder joint to insert into the humerus

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3
Q

Where is the second group of upper limb muscles?

A

Movement at the elbow joint

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4
Q

What and where is the third group of UL muscles?

A

Muscles of the forearm, insert into the hand bones and cause their movement

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5
Q

What causes elbow flexion?

A

All anterior arm muscles

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6
Q

What are the arm muscles in decreasing strength?

A

Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

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7
Q

What is the brachialis?

A

Lies deep to the biceps muscle and is as important as the biceps in elbow flexion

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8
Q

What and where is the brachioradialis?

A

A fairly week muscle that arises on the humerus and inserts into the distal forearm, it resides mainly on the forearm

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9
Q

What is the inflammation of the brachioradialis called?

A

Tennis elbow

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10
Q

What is special about the triceps brachii?

A

Is the only muscle fleshing out of the posterior humerus

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11
Q

What is the triceps brachii?

A

It is a powerful prime mover of elbow extension and is the antagonist of the biceps brachii

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12
Q

What do the lower limb muscles cause movement at?

A

Hip, knee, foot joints

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13
Q

What are the lower limb muscles for?

A

Specialized for walking and balancing for the body

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14
Q

What is special about the lower limb muscles?

A

They are among the largest, strongest muscles in the body

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15
Q

What is the gluteus maximus?

A

A superficial muscle of the hip that forms most of the buttock.

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16
Q

What does the gluteus maximus do?

A

It is a powerful hip extensor that acts to bring the thigh in a straight line with the pelvis

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17
Q

Where is the gluteus maximus?

A

It originates from the sacrum and iliac bones and runs to insert on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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18
Q

When is the gluteus maximus important?

A

For extending the hip when power is needed in climbing stairs and jumping

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19
Q

What is special about the gluteus medius?

A

The gluteus medius is an important site for injections of meds that are more than 5mL

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20
Q

What does the Iliopsoas do?

A

It is a prime mover of hip flexion, it also acts to keep the upper body from falling backward when standing erect

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21
Q

What are the adductor muscles?

A

A group of muscles that form the muscle mass at the medial side of each thigh

22
Q

What do the adductor muscles do?

A

Adduct or press the thighs together

23
Q

What is the hamstring group?

A

The muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh

24
Q

What are the muscles in the hamstring group?

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

25
Q

Where does the name, hamstring come from?

A

The fact that butchers use their tendons to hang hams for smoking.

26
Q

What is the sartorius?

A

A thin, strap-like muscle and is the most superficial muscle of the thigh

27
Q

What does the sartorius do?

A

It is a weak thigh flexor

28
Q

What does the quadriceps group consist of?

A

Rectus femoris and three vastus muscles that flesh out the anterior thigh

29
Q

What does the quadriceps group do?

A

Acts a whole to extend the knee powerfully, ex: kicking a football

30
Q

Where is the rectus femoris?

A

It crosses two joints, the hip and the knee, and it is on top of the vastus medialis

31
Q

What does the rectus femoris do?

A

Helps flex the hip

32
Q

WHat is the tibialis anterior?

A

A superficial muscle on the anterior leg

33
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior?

A

It arises from the upper tibia and then parallels the anterior crest as it runs to the tarsal bones, where it inserts by a long tendon

34
Q

What is the extensor digitorum longus and what does it do?

A

A prime mover of toe extension, a dorsiflexor of the foot, moves the toes towards the head

35
Q

Where are the fibularis muscles?

A

They arise from the fibula and insert into the metatarsal bones of the foot

36
Q

What do the fibularis muscles do?

A

The group as a whole plantar flexes the foot

37
Q

What is the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

A two bellied muscle that forms the curved calf of the posterior leg

38
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

It arises by two heads, one from each side of the distal femur, it inserts through the large calcaneal (achilles) tendon into the heel of the foot

39
Q

What does the gastrocnemius do?

A

It is a prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot, if its insertion tendon the foot drags since the heel cannot be lifted

40
Q

What is a hernia?

A

A protusion of any organ or body part through the muscular wall which contains it

41
Q

What are the 6 types of hernias?

A

Inuguinal, hiatal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, sports

42
Q

What type of hernia is most common?

A

Inguinal

43
Q

Inguinal hernias are most common in

A

Males

44
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

The fascial wall which holds fat and intestines tears and protrudes into the groin

45
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

A defective diaphragm allows for some of the stomach to pass through the opening for the esophagus in the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

46
Q

Femoral hernias are usually in

A

Females

47
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

IT protrudes deep into the inguinal ligament and extends into the groin where the femoral artery passes into the thigh

48
Q

What are umbilical hernias most common in?

A

Newborns, obese women, women with several pregnancies

49
Q

Where is the umbilical hernia?

A

In the navel (belly button)

50
Q

What are incisional hernias?

A

Results from weakening around a surgical wound which does not heal properly

51
Q

What is a sports hernia?

A

Weakening of the abdominal wall, causing a protrusion, no tear actually happens in the lining of the abdomen

52
Q
A

Anatomy (12 decks)

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