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Anatomy > Heart 1 > Flashcards

Heart 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation

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2
Q

What does blood do in the cardiovascular system?

A

It is the transport vehicle that carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and many other substances vital for the body homeostasis to and from the cells

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3
Q

What makes blood move around the body?

A

Provided by the beating heart

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4
Q

How big is the human heart and how much does it weigh?

A

Adult fist and weighs less than a pound

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5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the thorax and is flanked on each side by the lungs

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6
Q

What is the position of the heart?

A

Its more pointed apex is directed towards the left hip and rests on the diaphragm

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7
Q

The apex of the heart is approximately at the level of __________, and what pulse is measured there?

A

The fifth intercostal space, the apical post

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8
Q

What is the base of the heart also called?

A

The broader posterosuperior aspect

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9
Q

Where is the base of the heart and what emerge from it?

A

Points towards the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib, the great blood vessels of the body

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10
Q

What is the pericardium and what is it made out of?

A

Encloses the heart, double sac of serous membrane

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11
Q

What is the epicardium also called?

A

Visceral pericardium

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12
Q

What is the epicardium and what is it a part of?

A

It is thin and tightly hugs the external surface of the heart, the heart wall

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13
Q

What is serous fluid?

A

Slippery lubricating fluid

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14
Q

What is serous fluid produced by?

A

The serous pericardial membranes

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15
Q

What does the serous fluid do?

A

Allows the heart to beat easily in a relatively frictionless environment as the pericardial layers slide smoothly across each other

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16
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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17
Q

What is pericarditis caused by?

A

A decrease in the amount of serous fluid

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18
Q

What does pericarditis cause?

A

The pericardial layers bind and stick to each other, resulting in painful adhesions that interfere with heart movements

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19
Q

What does the myocardium consist of thick bundles of?

A

Cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ring like arrangements

20
Q

What layer of the heart contracts?

A

Myocardium

21
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

A thin glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers

22
Q

What else does the endocardium also cover?

A

The linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart

23
Q

What is the septum that divides the heart longitudinally?

A

The interventricular or interatrial septum (depending on which chamber it is seprarting)

24
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do?

A

Drains oxygen rich blood from the lungs and returns it to the left side of the heart

25
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

26
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

27
Q

What does pulmonary circulation do?

A

It caries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it back to the heart

28
Q

WHat is systemic circulation?

A

The second circuit, from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart

29
Q

What does systemic circulation do?

A

It supplies oxygen and nutrient rich blood to all body organs

30
Q

Which ventricle walls are thicker and stronger?

A

Left

31
Q

Why are the left ventricle walls thicker?

A

It pumps blood over a much longer pathway through the body

32
Q

How many valves is the heart equipped with?

A

4

33
Q

What do the heart valves do?

A

Allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers

34
Q

What is the mitral valve?

A

Bicuspid

35
Q

What does the mitral valve consist of?

A

Two cusps or flaps of endocardium

36
Q

How many cusps does the tricuspid have?

A

3

37
Q

What are the AV valves?

A

Separates the Atria from the Ventricle (tricuspid and bicuspid)

38
Q

What are the chordae tendineae?

A

Tiny white cords which anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles

39
Q

What are the chordae tendineae sometimes called?

A

Heart strings

40
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

41
Q

How many cusps do semilunar valves have?

A

3

42
Q

When do each set of valves operate at?

A

Different times

43
Q

When are the AV valves open and closed?

A

Open during heart relaxation and closed when the ventricles are contracting

44
Q

What does the blood contained in the heart not nourish?

A

The myocardium

45
Q

What blood supply nourishes the layers of the heart?

A

From the right and left coronary arteries

46
Q

What does the coronary sinus do?

A

The myocardium is drained here by several cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium

47
Q
A

Anatomy (12 decks)

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