Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What is the clavicle?
Collarbone
What does the clavicle look like?
Slender, doubly curved bone
What does the clavicle attach to?
Attaches to the manubrium of the sternum medially and to the scapula laterally
What does the clavicle connecting with other bones do?
Helps to form the shoulder joints
What are the scapulae (scapula)?
Shoulder blades
What do the scapulae look like and what are they commonly called?
Triangular and commonly called wings
How do the scapulae move?
They flare when the arms are moved posteriorly
What is the acromion?
The enlarged end of the spine of the scapula
What does the acromion do?
Connects with the clavicle laterally to form the acromioclavicular joint
What/where is the coracoid process?
Points over the top of the shoulder
What does the coracoid do?
Anchors some of the muscles of the arm
What is the glenoid cavity?
A shallow socket that receives the head of the arm bone
The shoulder girdle has…
Exceptional flexibility
What is the problem with shoulders being flexible?
They can be easily dislocated
What are the greater and lesser tubercles?
Two bony projections opposite the head
What do the greater and lesser tubercles do?
They are sites of muscle attachment
What is the radius?
The lateral bone on the thumb side of the forearm
Is the radius or ulna bigger?
Radius
What is the ulna?
The medial bone on the pinky finger side of the forearm
How many and where are the carpal bones?
8, wrist
How many and where are the metacarpal bones?
5, hand
How many and where are the phalanges?
14, on both fingers and toes
What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
The coxal bones or ossa coxae
What are the ossa coxae or coxal bones most commonly called?
Hip bones
What makes up the bony pelvis?
Two coxal bones, along with the sacrum and coccyx
What is the coxal bone made up of?
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
What does the Ilium bone look like?
It is a large, flat bone that makes up most of the hip
What does the Ilium do?
Connects posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
What is different about the female pelvic girdle?
The sacrum is shorter and less curved, the ischial spines are shorter and farther apart thus the inlet is larger, the pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the pubic arch is greater
What is the femur?
The thigh bone, the strongest bone of the body
What does the proximal end of the femur have?
The proximal end of the femur has a ball like head which articulates with the socket of the hip bone
Where is the neck of the femur and what is special about it?
After the head, this is a common fracture location for the elderly
Head =
Greater trochanter
What direction is the femur at?
The femur slants medially as it runs downward to join with the leg bones
What does the direction of the femur do?
Brings the knees in line with the body’s center of gravity
What do the distally lateral and medial condyles do?
These two structures articulate with the tibia of the lower leg
Where is the patellar surface and what does it do?
Anteriorly on the distal femur, it forms the joint with the patella
What are the two bones that form the skeleton of the leg?
The tibia and fibula
What is the interosseous membrane?
It holds the tibia and fibula together (and radius and ulna)
What is the tibia?
The shinbone, more medial
Is the tibia or fibula bigger?
Tibia
What is at the proximal end of the tibia and fibula?
Medial and lateral condyles
What do the medial and lateral condyles do at the proximal end of the tibia and fibula?
Articulate with the distal end of the femur to form the knee joint
What is the medial malleolus?
Forms the inner bulge of the ankle
Where is the fibula?
Lies along side the tibia and forms joints both proximally and distally
What does the fibula look like?
Thin and stick like
What is special about the fibula?
It has no part in forming the knee joint.
What is the lateral malleous and where is it?
Distal end of the fibula and forms the outer part of the ankle
What is the tarsus?
Forms the posterior half of the foot
How many bones it the tarsus made up of?
7 tarsal bones
What does talus mean?
Ankle bone
How many metatarsals are there and what do they form?
5, the sole of the foot
What form the toes and how many?
14 phalanges
Are the toe phalanges considered a part of the leg?
Yes
What are weak arches?
Flat feet or fallen arches
How many phalanges does each toe have, and how many does the big toe have?
3, 2
