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Anatomy > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the axial sskeleton?

A

80

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2
Q

Where does the axial skeleton form?

A

Along the long axis of the body (up and down)

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3
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

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4
Q

What are sutures?

A

Interlocking joints that firmly unite all the bones of the adult skull

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5
Q

What do the suture lines look like?

A

They have a saw tooth or serrated appearance

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6
Q

What are the four major skull sutures?

A

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid

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7
Q

What is the frontal bone?

A

The forehead, the bony projection under the eyebrows, the superior part of each eye’s orbit

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8
Q

What is the foramen magnum and what does it mean?

A

The base of the occipital bone, meaning large hole

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9
Q

Where is the foramen magnum?

A

Surrounds the lower part of the brain

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10
Q

What does the foramen magnum do?

A

Allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

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11
Q

How do the occipital condyles work?

A

Rocker like and lateral (on each side of) to the foramen

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12
Q

Where are the occipital condyles located?

A

They rest on the vertebra of the spinal column

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13
Q

What is the sphenoid bone?

A

Has a butterfly shape that spans the width of the skull

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14
Q

What does the sphenoid bone do?

A

Forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity

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15
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A

A small depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone

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16
Q

What is the sella turcica also called?

A

Turk’s saddle

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17
Q

What does the sella turcica do?

A

It holds the pituitary gland in place

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18
Q

What is the crista galli latin for?

A

Cock’s comb

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19
Q

What does the crista galli look like?

A

The outer most covering of the brain attaches to this projection

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20
Q

What does the crista galli look like?

A

It projects from its superior surface

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21
Q

What are the cribiform plates?

A

The small holes on each side of the crista galli

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22
Q

What do the cribiform plates do?

A

Allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain

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23
Q

How many bones comprise the facial bone?

A

14

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24
Q

How many bones in the facial bone are paired?

A

12

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25
Q

What are the two single bones of the face?

A

The mandible and the vomer

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26
Q

What do the two maxillae do?

A

Fuse together to form the upper jaw

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27
Q

What bones join the maxillae and what do they make the maxillae?

A

All facial bones except for the mandible, the main bone of the face

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28
Q

What does the maxillae carry and where?

A

The upper teeth in the aveolar margin

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29
Q

Where are the paired palatine bones located?

A

They lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae

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30
Q

What do the palatine bones form?

A

The posterior part of the hard palate

31
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

Failure of these or the palatine processes to fuse medially results in a cleft palate

32
Q

What are the nasal bones?

A

Small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose

33
Q

What is the inferior conchae?

A

Thin curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

34
Q

What is the inferior conchae a part of?

A

The ethmoid bone

35
Q

What is the hyoid bone not a part of?

A

The skull

36
Q

What is the hyoid bone closely related to?

A

The mandible and the temporal bones

37
Q

What does the hyoid bone do?

A

Doesn’t articulate with any other bones

38
Q

During fetal development, what does the spine consist of?

A

33 separate bones called vertebrae

39
Q

What do the vertebrae do after birth?

A

Nine of these vertebrae will fuse forming the two composite bones, the sacrum and the coccyx

40
Q

What do the sacrum and coccyx do?

A

They construct the inferior portion of the vertebral column

41
Q

What are the intervertebral discs?

A

Pads of flexible fibrocartilage which separate the single vertebrae

42
Q

What do the intervertebral discs do?

A

The discs along the s shaped structure of the vertebral column work together to prevent shock to the head while walking and running, make the body trunk flexible

43
Q

What does the body or centrum of the vertebrae look like?

A

Disc like

44
Q

What does the body or centrum of the vertebrae do?

A

It is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae facing anteriorly in the vertebral column

45
Q

What is the vertebral arch?

A

An arch formed from the joining of all posterior extentions

46
Q

What forms the vertebral body?

A

The laminae and the pedicles

47
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A

Canal through which the spinal cord passes

48
Q

What are the transverse processes?

A

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

49
Q

What do the cervical vertebrae form?

A

The neck region of the spine

50
Q

What are the first two vertebrae?

A

C1 (the atlas) and C2 (the axis)

51
Q

What does the atlas do?

A

Recieves the occipital condyles of the skull

52
Q

What does the atlas allow for?

A

To nod “yes”

53
Q

What does the axis do?

A

Acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull

54
Q

The thoracic vertebrae are all…

A

typical and larger than the cervical vertebrae

55
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae look like?

A

The body is somewhat heart shaped

56
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

Two costal demifacets (articulating surfaces) on each side

57
Q

What do the costal demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae do?

A

Recieve the heads of the ribs

58
Q

What do the lumbar vertebrae look like?

A

Have massive block like bodies, short, hatchet shaped spinous processes

59
Q

What do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae do?

A

Make them look like a moose head from the lateral aspect

60
Q

What do the alae of the sacrum look like?

A

Wing like in shape

61
Q

What do the alae of the sacrum do?

A

Articulates laterally with the hip bones, forming the sacroiliac joints

62
Q

What does the sacrum do?

A

Forms the posterior wall of the pelvis

63
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

The vertebral canal continuing inside the sacrum

64
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

The human “tailbone”, a remnant of the tail that other vertebrae animals have

65
Q

What does the coccyx consist of?

A

Formed from the fusion of three to five tiny, irregular shaped vertebrae

66
Q

What kind of bone is the sternum?

A

A typical flat bone

67
Q

What does the sternum consist of?

A

The result of the fusion of three bones- the manubrium, the body, the xiphoid process

68
Q

What is the sternum attached to?

A

The first seven pairs of the ribs

69
Q

What is the jugular notch?

A

The concave upper border of the manubrium

70
Q

The jugular notch can be…

A

palpated (examined by touch) easily

71
Q

What are the true ribs and what do they do?

A

The first seven pairs, they attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

72
Q

What are false ribs and what do they do?

A

The next five pairs, either attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached to the sternum at all

73
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

The last two pairs of false ribs that do not attach to the sternum

74
Q

What do the intercostal spaces between the ribs do?

A

Are filled with intercostal muscles that aid in breathing

Anatomy (12 decks)

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