Cardiovascular 2

Question 1

How much blood does the heart produce in one day?

Answer 1

About 6000 quarts

Question 2

How many times does blood go through the heart in one day?

Answer 2

1000 times

Question 3

How often do the atrial cells beat?

Answer 3

60 times per minute

Question 4

How often do the ventricular cells beat?

Answer 4

About 20-40 times per minute

Question 5

What does the heart need so that it is an efficient pump?

Answer 5

A unified control system

Question 6

What is the nodal system also called?

Answer 6

The intrinsic conduction system

Question 7

What is the SA node also called?

Answer 7

Sinoatrial node

Question 8

What is the SA node?

Answer 8

The most important part of the intrinsic conduction system

Question 9

What does the SA node look like and where is it located?

Answer 9

crescent shaped node
of tissue, located in the right
atrium

Question 10

What is the AV node also called?

Answer 10

The atrioventricular node

Question 11

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 11

at the junction of the
atria and ventricles

Question 12

What is the bundle of His also called?

Answer 12

Atrioventricular (AV)
bundle

Question 13

Where is the bundle of His located?

Answer 13

the right and left bundle
branches located in the
interventricular septum

Question 14

Where are the purkinje fibers?

Answer 14

spread within the
muscle of the ventricle
walls.

Question 15

What does operation of the AV valves do?

Answer 15

This system causes heart
muscle depolarization in only
one direction, from the atria to the
ventricles.

Question 16

How often does the operation of the AV valves cause the heart to contract?

Answer 16

75 beats per minute

Question 17

What allows for the heart to beat as a coordinated unit?

Answer 17

The operation of the AV valves

Question 18

What does ECG stand for?

Answer 18

Electrocardiography

Question 19

What is an ECG?

Answer 19

The clinical procedure
for mapping the
electrical activity of the
heart

Question 20

What contraction
effectively ejects blood
superiorly into the large
arteries leaving the heart?

Answer 20

The function of the AV valves, specifically the ventricles contracting

Question 21

What do the atria do in a healthy heart?

Answer 21

They contract simultaneously

Question 22

When do the ventricles contract?

Answer 22

As the atria start to relax

Question 23

What does systole represent?

Answer 23

Contraction

Question 24

What does diastole represent?

Answer 24

Diastole

Question 25

What does the cardiac cycle refer to?

Answer 25

the events of one complete heartbeat, both atria and ventricles contract and then relax

Question 26

What is the average length of this cycle?

Answer 26

.8 seconds

Question 27

What are the three periods during the cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

* Mid–to–late diastole * Ventricular systole * Early diastole

Question 28

What happens during ventricular systole? (3 things)

Answer 28

Ventricular contraction (systole) begins. * Pressure within the ventricles increases rapidly. * AV valves close creating the first heart sound “lub”.

Question 29

What happens during early diastole? (2 things)

Answer 29

Systole ends, ventricles relax. * Semilunar valves snap shut and create the second heart sound “dub”.

Question 30

What is cardiac output (CO)?

Answer 30

the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart (actually each ventricle) in one minute.

Question 31

How do you find cardiac output?

Answer 31

Heart rate times stroke volume

Question 32

What is normal resting heart rate?

Answer 32

75 bpm

Question 33

What is normal stroke volume?

Answer 33

70 ml per beat

Question 34

What is normal cardiac output?

Answer 34

5250 ml/min

Question 35

What do the blood vessels do?

Answer 35

The blood circulates through them

Question 36

What do the blood vessels form?

Answer 36

A vascular system

Question 37

What kind of transport system is the vascular system?

Answer 37

Closed

Question 38

How does the blood travel through the blood vessels?

Answer 38

As the heart beats, blood is propelled into the large arteries leaving the heart.

Question 39

What does the tunica interna line?

Answer 39

The lumen (cavity), the interior of the vessels

Question 40

What is the tunica interna?

Answer 40

thin layer of endothelium (squamous epithelial cells) resting on a scanty layer of loose connective tissue.

Question 41

What is the tunica media?

Answer 41

bulky middle coat made up of smooth muscle and elastic tissue.

Question 42

What do some larger arteries have?

Answer 42

Elastic laminae

Question 43

What is elastic laminae?

Answer 43

complete sheets of elastic tissue in addition to the scattered elastic fibers.

Question 44

What are capillary beds?

Answer 44

the tiny interweaving network of capillaries.

Question 45

What is microcirculation?

Answer 45

the flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule that is through a capillary bed

Question 46

What do capillary beds consist of?

Answer 46

Vascular shunt and true capillaries

Question 47

What are vascular shunts?

Answer 47

a vessel that directly connects the arteriole to the venule at opposite ends of the bed

Question 48

What do precapillary sphincters do?

Answer 48

surrounds the root of each true capillary and acts as a valve to regulate the flow of blood into the capillary.

Question 49

What are the two possible routes of blood flowing through a terminal arteriole?

Answer 49

Through the true capillaries or through the shunt

Question 50

What happens when the precapillary sphincters are relaxed (open)?

Answer 50

Blood flows through the true capillaries and takes part in exchanges with tissue cells

Question 51

What happens when the precapillary sphincters are contracted (closed)?

Answer 51

Blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells