Muscles

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

Answer 1

Production of movement
Production of heat
Maintenance of posture
Stabilization of joints

Question 2

If muscles cross a _______, it can create ___________.

Answer 2

Joint; movement

Question 3

What are the 4 characteristics of muscle?

Answer 3

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 4

Contractility

Answer 4

Muscle can produce force (concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions)

Question 5

Excitability

Answer 5

Muscles are stimulated by nerves

Question 6

Extensibility

Answer 6

Muscles can be shortened and lengthened

Question 7

Elasticity

Answer 7

When stretched, can be returned to original length

Question 8

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 8

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Question 9

Origin of a muscle is __________ and usually has higher/greater _______.

Answer 9

Proximal; inertia

Question 10

Insertion is _________ and has ______ inertia, thus more likely to ________.

Answer 10

Distal; less; move

Question 11

Uniarticular

Answer 11

Muscle crosses only 1 joint
(Ex. Vasti muscles, brachialis)

Question 12

Biarticular

Answer 12

Muscle crosses 2 joints
(Ex. Rectus femoris, hamstrings)

Question 13

Multiarticular

Answer 13

Muscle crosses multiple joints
(Muscles of the hands, feet and spine)

Question 14

Muscle structures: Biceps

Answer 14

2 heads

Question 15

Muscle structures: triceps

Answer 15

3 heads

Question 16

Muscle structures: quadriceps

Answer 16

4 heads

Question 17

Muscle structures: Digastric

Answer 17

2 bellies

Question 18

Muscle structure: Multigastric

Answer 18

Many bellies

Question 19

Muscle structure: Radial

Answer 19

Sphincters

Question 20

What are the 3 types of tendon structures?

Answer 20

Cord
Fleshy
Aponeurotic

Question 21

What is the most common type of tendon structure

Answer 21

Cord

Question 22

What are the 2 types of muscle fiber orientation?

Answer 22

Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation
Pennated orientation

Question 23

What are the 3 types of pennated orientation of muscle fibers?

Answer 23

Unipennate
Biden ate
Multipennate

Question 24

Which muscle fiber orientation is beneficial for large excursions, fast velocities?

Answer 24

Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation

Question 25

In longitudinal orientation, shorting of _________ = shortening of _________

Answer 25

Fibers; muscle

Question 26

Which muscle fiber orientation has more fibers packed into a given area?

Answer 26

Pennated orientation

Question 27

Pennated orientation of muscle fibers if beneficial for ________

Answer 27

Force!

Question 28

What are the 4 functions of CT coverings?

Answer 28

Strength
Allow sliding of muscle fibers without friction
Attach muscle fiber to tendon
Wall of infection or tissue damage/injury

Question 29

What are the 3 CT coverings within muscle from deep to superficial

Answer 29

Endomysium (covers muscle fiber)
Perimysium (covers fascicle)
Epimysium (covers muscle)

Question 30

Draw the muscle CT coverings

Answer 30

Myofibril
Muscle fiber
Fascicle
Muscle

Question 31

Myotendinous junction

Answer 31

Junction between the muscle and the tendon

Question 32

Bursae

Answer 32

Fibrous sacs, lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid

Question 33

Bursae function (2)

Answer 33

Reduce frictional stress: lubrication
Increased contact area (Stress = force/area)