Muscles Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of muscles?
Production of movement
Production of heat
Maintenance of posture
Stabilization of joints
If muscles cross a _______, it can create ___________.
Joint; movement
What are the 4 characteristics of muscle?
Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
Contractility
Muscle can produce force (concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions)
Excitability
Muscles are stimulated by nerves
Extensibility
Muscles can be shortened and lengthened
Elasticity
When stretched, can be returned to original length
What are the 3 types of muscle
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Origin of a muscle is __________ and usually has higher/greater _______.
Proximal; inertia
Insertion is _________ and has ______ inertia, thus more likely to ________.
Distal; less; move
Uniarticular
Muscle crosses only 1 joint
(Ex. Vasti muscles, brachialis)
Biarticular
Muscle crosses 2 joints
(Ex. Rectus femoris, hamstrings)
Multiarticular
Muscle crosses multiple joints
(Muscles of the hands, feet and spine)
Muscle structures: Biceps
2 heads
Muscle structures: triceps
3 heads
Muscle structures: quadriceps
4 heads
Muscle structures: Digastric
2 bellies
Muscle structure: Multigastric
Many bellies
Muscle structure: Radial
Sphincters
What are the 3 types of tendon structures?
Cord
Fleshy
Aponeurotic
What is the most common type of tendon structure
Cord
What are the 2 types of muscle fiber orientation?
Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation
Pennated orientation
What are the 3 types of pennated orientation of muscle fibers?
Unipennate
Biden ate
Multipennate
Which muscle fiber orientation is beneficial for large excursions, fast velocities?
Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation