Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

A

Production of movement
Production of heat
Maintenance of posture
Stabilization of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If muscles cross a _______, it can create ___________.

A

Joint; movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of muscle?

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle can produce force (concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Excitability

A

Muscles are stimulated by nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extensibility

A

Muscles can be shortened and lengthened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elasticity

A

When stretched, can be returned to original length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Origin of a muscle is __________ and usually has higher/greater _______.

A

Proximal; inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Insertion is _________ and has ______ inertia, thus more likely to ________.

A

Distal; less; move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uniarticular

A

Muscle crosses only 1 joint
(Ex. Vasti muscles, brachialis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Biarticular

A

Muscle crosses 2 joints
(Ex. Rectus femoris, hamstrings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Multiarticular

A

Muscle crosses multiple joints
(Muscles of the hands, feet and spine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscle structures: Biceps

A

2 heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle structures: triceps

A

3 heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscle structures: quadriceps

17
Q

Muscle structures: Digastric

18
Q

Muscle structure: Multigastric

A

Many bellies

19
Q

Muscle structure: Radial

A

Sphincters

20
Q

What are the 3 types of tendon structures?

A

Cord
Fleshy
Aponeurotic

21
Q

What is the most common type of tendon structure

22
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle fiber orientation?

A

Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation
Pennated orientation

23
Q

What are the 3 types of pennated orientation of muscle fibers?

A

Unipennate
Biden ate
Multipennate

24
Q

Which muscle fiber orientation is beneficial for large excursions, fast velocities?

A

Longitudinal (fusiform) orientation

25
In longitudinal orientation, shorting of _________ = shortening of _________
Fibers; muscle
26
Which muscle fiber orientation has more fibers packed into a given area?
Pennated orientation
27
Pennated orientation of muscle fibers if beneficial for ________
Force!
28
What are the 4 functions of CT coverings?
Strength Allow sliding of muscle fibers without friction Attach muscle fiber to tendon Wall of infection or tissue damage/injury
29
What are the 3 CT coverings within muscle from deep to superficial
Endomysium (covers muscle fiber) Perimysium (covers fascicle) Epimysium (covers muscle)
30
Draw the muscle CT coverings
Myofibril Muscle fiber Fascicle Muscle
31
Myotendinous junction
Junction between the muscle and the tendon
32
Bursae
Fibrous sacs, lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid
33
Bursae function (2)
Reduce frictional stress: lubrication Increased contact area (Stress = force/area)