Bone Properties And Types

Question 1

What are the 5 competing functions of bone?

Answer 1

Structure/support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storehouse (calcium, phosphorus)
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

Question 2

What two things classify bones?

Answer 2

Location and shape

Question 3

What are the 5 bone shapes?

Answer 3

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 4

Long Bone anatomy (4)

Answer 4

Epiphysis
diaphysis
Epiphyseal line/plate
Medullary cavity

Question 5

Epiphysis characteristics

Answer 5

Bony ends
Typically more expanded
Compact (exterior); spongy (interior)
Houses red bone marrow

Question 6

Diaphysis characteristics

Answer 6

Tubular shaft of long bone
Thick compact bone with cavity

Question 7

Epiphyseal line/plate AKA

Answer 7

Metaphysis

Question 8

What is between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones?

Answer 8

Epiphyseal line/plate

Question 9

T/F: Epiphyseal plate is found in adults.

Answer 9

False; Epiphyseal line is found in adults; Epiphyseal plate is found in kids

Question 10

What happens at the Epiphyseal line/plate?

Answer 10

Bone growth!

Question 11

Medullary cavity

Answer 11

Houses yellow bone marrow

Question 12

What are the two types of coverings of bone?

Answer 12

Periosteum
Endosteum

Question 13

Periosteum

Answer 13

Outer covering of bones

Question 14

Periosteum is an example of what kind of connective tissue?

Answer 14

Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue

Question 15

Endosteum

Answer 15

Thin connective tissue lining medullary cavity

Question 16

What are the 2 types of bone structure

Answer 16

Spongy bone and compact bone

Question 17

Spongy bone is AKA (2)

Answer 17

Trabecular bone or cancellous bone

Question 18

Where can you find spongy bone? (2)

Answer 18

Epiphysis of long bones
Middle of flat bones

Question 19

Compact bone AKA

Answer 19

Cortical bone

Question 20

Where can you find compact bone? (2)

Answer 20

Diaphysis of long bones
Outer layers of flat bones

Question 21

_____ bones have combination of the ___ bone types in different quantities and shapes.

Answer 21

All; two

Question 22

Spongy/trabecular/cancellous bone makes up 20% of the _________

Answer 22

Skeleton

Question 23

Spongy bone has red bone marrow which is where the production of

Answer 23

Blood cells

Question 24

In _________ bone there is a high bone turnover rate

Answer 24

Spongy

Question 25

Osteoporosis is common in __________ bone, making it susceptible to fractures

Answer 25

Spongy/trabecular/cancellous

Question 26

Where are some examples of osteoporosis?

Answer 26

Vertebral bodies
Femoral neck
Distal radius
Tibial plateau

Question 27

Trabecular bone is well organized because it has ________ ________ running throughout.

Answer 27

Blood supply

Question 28

Cortical/compact bone is _______ and dense

Answer 28

Strong

Question 29

Cortical/compact bone makes up 80% of the _________.

Answer 29

Skeleton

Question 30

Cortical/compact bone is composed of multiple ________.

Answer 30

Osteons

Question 31

Osteons

Answer 31

Layered cylinders of bone tissue with a central capillary (Haversian canal)

Question 32

___________ canals connect adjacent osteons’ Haversian canals

Answer 32

Volkmann’s

Question 33

Volkmann’s canals connecting adjacent osteons’ Haversian canals allows blood to flow to very _____ tissue

Answer 33

Dense

Question 34

Haversian canals

Answer 34

Vertically-oriented

Question 35

Osteon

Answer 35

Osteocytes are arranged in a circular pattern connected through canaliculi
Central capillary house in central Haversian canal
Layers of these discos form a cylindrical osteon
(Rings of a tree trunk)

Question 36

Does bone or tendons/ligaments have better blood supply?

Answer 36

Bone; larger vessels in organized network
(Periosteal vessels: outer 1/3, nutrient arteries: inner 2/3)