Bone Properties And Types Flashcards
What are the 5 competing functions of bone?
Structure/support
Protection
Movement
Mineral storehouse (calcium, phosphorus)
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
What two things classify bones?
Location and shape
What are the 5 bone shapes?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Long Bone anatomy (4)
Epiphysis
diaphysis
Epiphyseal line/plate
Medullary cavity
Epiphysis characteristics
Bony ends
Typically more expanded
Compact (exterior); spongy (interior)
Houses red bone marrow
Diaphysis characteristics
Tubular shaft of long bone
Thick compact bone with cavity
Epiphyseal line/plate AKA
Metaphysis
What is between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones?
Epiphyseal line/plate
T/F: Epiphyseal plate is found in adults.
False; Epiphyseal line is found in adults; Epiphyseal plate is found in kids
What happens at the Epiphyseal line/plate?
Bone growth!
Medullary cavity
Houses yellow bone marrow
What are the two types of coverings of bone?
Periosteum
Endosteum
Periosteum
Outer covering of bones
Periosteum is an example of what kind of connective tissue?
Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue
Endosteum
Thin connective tissue lining medullary cavity
What are the 2 types of bone structure
Spongy bone and compact bone
Spongy bone is AKA (2)
Trabecular bone or cancellous bone
Where can you find spongy bone? (2)
Epiphysis of long bones
Middle of flat bones
Compact bone AKA
Cortical bone
Where can you find compact bone? (2)
Diaphysis of long bones
Outer layers of flat bones
_____ bones have combination of the ___ bone types in different quantities and shapes.
All; two
Spongy/trabecular/cancellous bone makes up 20% of the _________
Skeleton
Spongy bone has red bone marrow which is where the production of
Blood cells
In _________ bone there is a high bone turnover rate
Spongy
Osteoporosis is common in __________ bone, making it susceptible to fractures
Spongy/trabecular/cancellous
Where are some examples of osteoporosis?
Vertebral bodies
Femoral neck
Distal radius
Tibial plateau
Trabecular bone is well organized because it has ________ ________ running throughout.
Blood supply
Cortical/compact bone is _______ and dense
Strong
Cortical/compact bone makes up 80% of the _________.
Skeleton
Cortical/compact bone is composed of multiple ________.
Osteons
Osteons
Layered cylinders of bone tissue with a central capillary (Haversian canal)
___________ canals connect adjacent osteons’ Haversian canals
Volkmann’s
Volkmann’s canals connecting adjacent osteons’ Haversian canals allows blood to flow to very _____ tissue
Dense
Haversian canals
Vertically-oriented
Osteon
Osteocytes are arranged in a circular pattern connected through canaliculi
Central capillary house in central Haversian canal
Layers of these discos form a cylindrical osteon
(Rings of a tree trunk)
Does bone or tendons/ligaments have better blood supply?
Bone; larger vessels in organized network
(Periosteal vessels: outer 1/3, nutrient arteries: inner 2/3)
