Muscle Tissue

Question 0

why is connective tissue needed in skeletal muscle?

Answer 0

for transduction

Question 1

where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 1

intrinsic muscles of the eye
arrector pili muscles of the skin
viscera of the vascular system

Question 2

where are the nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers located?

Answer 2

in the cytoplasm immediately beneath the plasma membrane (or sarcolemma)

Question 3

what are the 3 connective tissue coverings associated w/ skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

Question 4

what type of fibers make up the endomysium?

Answer 4

reticular

Question 5

what are the fibers that make up the perimysium?

Answer 5

fascicles

Question 6

how are skeletal muscle fibers visualized?

Answer 6

histochemical reactions specifically NADH-TR reactions

Question 7

what do fibers have that are characterized as oxidative metabolism?

Answer 7

large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria

Question 8

what are the 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 8

type 1 (slow oxidative fibers)
type 2a (fast oxidative fibers)
type 2b (fast glycolytic fibers)

Question 9

Type 1 (slow oxidative fibers) have what % of mitochondria and myoglobin?

Answer 9

lots of mitochondria

lots of myoglobin

Question 10

Type 1 fibers have what physical properties?

Answer 10

slow twitch fatigue resistant

great resistance to fatigue but generate little tension

Question 11

Type 2a (fast oxidative fibers) have what % of myoglobin and mitochondria?

Answer 11

many mitochondria
high myoglobin
lots of glycogen

Question 12

what physical properties do type 2a have?

Answer 12

fast twitch fatigue resistant

high peak muscle tension

Question 13

what % of myoglobin, mitochondria and glycogen do type 2b have ?

Answer 13

few mitochondria
little myoglobin
lots of glycogen

Question 14

physical properties of Type 2b?

Answer 14

fast twitch fatigue prone
high peak muscle tension
more precise neural control

Question 15

what are myofilaments made of?

Answer 15

actin and myosin

Question 16

what other proteins are associated w/ the actin?

Answer 16

troponin and tropomyosin

Question 17

what makes a triad in skeletal muscle?

Answer 17

two terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule

Question 18

what neurotransmitter is in the presynaptic vesicles w/in the axon terminal?

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

what prevents continued stimulation of the muscle cell at the motor end plate?

Answer 19

acetylcholinesterase

Question 20

what is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 20

autoimmune disease where acetylcholine receptors are blocked by anitbodies to the receptor protein
EXTREME MUSCLE WEAKNESS

Question 21

what forms a diad in cardiac muscle?

Answer 21

1 terminal cisternae + 1 t tubule

Question 22

what are the 3 specialized cell junctions in cardiac muscle?

Answer 22

fasciae adherentes
desmosomes
gap junctions

Question 23

what is in the granules found in atrial cells?

Answer 23

diuretics
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
brain natriuretic factor (BNF)

Question 24

what cells initiate, regulate, and coordinate heart beat?

Answer 24

cardiac conducting cells

Question 25

how is death to cardiac muscle cells repaired?

Answer 25

fibrous connective tissue

Question 26

what do the cytoplasmic dense bodies in smooth muscle cells contain?

Answer 26

alpha actinin

Question 27

what type of collagen is in smooth muscle?

Answer 27

type 4 and type 3

Question 28

what special fibers are also found in the smooth muscle of the blood vessels and the uterus?

Answer 28

type 1 collagen and elastin

Question 29

the cytoskeleton of smooth muscle has thick, thin and intermediate filaments. what are each made of?

Answer 29

thin- actin, tropomyosin, caldesmin + calponin
thick- myosin II
intermediate- desmin + vimentin