heart development

Question 0

what does the intraembryonic cavity over the cardiogenic field later develop into?

Answer 0

pericardial cavity

Question 1

the unit of blood islands that form a horseshoe shaped tube around the myoblasts is what?

Answer 1

cardiogenic field

Question 2

what does the myocardium start to secrete only the heart tube is formed?

Answer 2

cardiac jelly

this separates the myocardium from the endothelium

Question 3

what forms from the epicardium?

Answer 3

coronary arteries + endothelial lining

smooth muscle

Question 4

what is the first bend the heart makes when forming the cardiac loop?

Answer 4

top portion bends ventrally, caudally, and to the right

the bottom portion shift dorsocranially and to the left

Question 5

what will the proximal 1/3 of the bulbus cordis form?

Answer 5

trabeculated part of right ventricle

Question 6

what will the conus cordis form?

Answer 6

outflow tracts of both ventricles

Question 7

what will the truncus arteriosus form?

Answer 7

aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 8

what does the primitive ventricle become?

Answer 8

the left ventricle

Question 9

what is the master gene for heart development?

Answer 9

NKX2.5 (homologue of tinman)

Question 10

what is an important gene for septation?

Answer 10

TBX5

Question 11

looping requires which gene to be expressed on the left side of the heart in the lateral plate mesoderm?

Answer 11

PITX2

Question 12

what is a common heart problem w/ Holt-Oram syndrome?

Answer 12

atrial and ventricular septal defects and conduction abnormalities

Question 13

at the end of the shift of the sinus venosum of the heart, what is left of the left sinus horn?

Answer 13

oblique vein of the left atrium and coronary sinus

Question 14

what happens to the right horn at the end of the development of the sinus venosus?

Answer 14

its incorporated into the right atrium to form the smooth walled part (sinus venarum)

Question 15

What does the inferior portion of the right venous valve become?

Answer 15

valve of the IVC

valve of the coronary sinus

Question 16

what are the masses of tissue called that grow until they fuse in the heart to form septa?

Answer 16

endocardial cushions

Question 17

what is the sickle- shaped crest that grows from the roof of the common atria into the lumen?

Answer 17

septum primum
(forms the opening= foramen primum)

Question 18

what is the name of the perforations that develop in the upper part of the septum primum before it closes?

Answer 18

foramen secondum

Question 19

A second septum grows down in the atrioventricular canal known as what and creates what?

Answer 19

septum secondum

creates the foramen ovale

Question 20

what forms the smooth walled part of the left atrium?

Answer 20

pulmonary veins and their branches as they are incorporated into the left atrium

Question 21

what are the original embryonic left and right atria represented by in the adult heart?

Answer 21

right and left auricle

Question 22

what spiral swellings divide the truncus arteriosus into an aortic and pulmonary channel?

Answer 22

right superior truncus swelling

left inferior truncus swelling

Question 23

what forms the muscular part of the interventricular septum?

Answer 23

the merging of the medial walls of the expanding ventricles becoming apposed

Question 24

neural crest cells in the heart contribute to what formation?

Answer 24

endocardial cushion formation in the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Question 25

what are the common abnormalities in tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 25

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect