Muscle Architecture Flashcards
Cells of these types of tissues have plasma membrane that can alter electrical potential from the normal resting potential
Excitable Tissue
Do all cells in body have RMP? If not, which ones don’t?
No. dead cells
Stratum Corneum of epidermis
Altering the RMP is done by _____ in the plasma membrane to create _______
Proteins
Action/Graded Potential
Are all muscle cell types excitable?
Yes
Muscle attached to skeleton (mostly) longest muscle cell type, and are under voluntary control.
Skeletal
What is the appearance of the histology of skeletal muscle?
Skeletal - over lapping proteins
Muscle that is excitable, can conduct graded and action potentials, found in digestive tract, blood vessels, reproductive and respiratory systems
Smooth Muscle
How is the histology of smooth muscle different?
Not striated. Cells are smaller and spindle shaped.
Muscle found only in the heart. Striated, but with branching fibers. Intercalated disks appear between fibers that are actually gap junctions
Cardiac Muscle
Characteristic of Muscle that means it can conduct action potential in repsonse to a stimulus
Excitability
Characteristic of muscle tissue meaning it can shorten and lengthen to generate a force, they push different things
Contractability
Function of Smooth muscle
Function of Carciac Muscle
Function of skeletal muscle
Push Fluids or gases
Push Blood
Move skeleton
Characteristic of muscle tissue meaning it can be stretched beyond resisting length when it is relaxed, may or may not be functional
Extensibility
Characteristic of muscle tissue meaning that it after stretching it will resume its original length
Elasticity
Function of muscle done to skeletal structure, blood, or a substance encircled by the organ (i.e. food)
Produce Movement
The function that is only applicable to skeletal muscle
Maintain Posture
As skeletal muscle maintains posture, it also does this
Stabilizes joints
Function of muscle tissue , not all potential energy from ATP is converted to kinetic energy for work, some released as a different type of energy
Generate Heat
Why is the release of energy as heat a good thing (as long as it’s not too much)?
Keeps the enzymes of body functioning.
Is all skeletal muscle attached to bone?
No, there are a few exceptions (palmaris longus)
Elongated cell known as a fiber (long and thin). Surrounded by plasma membrane and contains cytoplasm and organelles
Muscle Cell
The name for the plasma membrane of the muscle cell
Sarcolemma
Where is the endomysium in relation to the muscle cell?
Just outside the sarcolemma (superficial)
The name for the cytoplasm of muscle cells
Sarcoplasm
These type of organelles in the muscle cell are unique because there are multiple of them and they are peripherial
Nuclei
These type of organelles in muscle cells are unique because there are numerous amounts of them (not the nuclei), makes sense because muscle cells are involved in energy production and skeletal muscle uses a lot of energy
Mitochondria
Protein of muscle cells that stores extra oxygen, which is necessary for production of ATP
Myoglobin
Inclusions (aka storage granules) that store additional glycogen (fuel)
Glycosomes
The modified endoplasmic reticulum in the muscle cell, it is surround the myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
These structures are contractile organelle that are rod like and run parallel to the length of the cell and take up 80% of the volume of skeletal muscle cell
Myfibrils
Myofilaments that run entire length of entire fibril, and therefore run length of entire fiber
Thick Filaments
Made up of myosin, multiple bundled together.
Thick Filament
These molecules have a long rope like tail and two heads (kiiind of looks like sperm)
Myosin Molecule
Three proteins of thin filaments
1) Actin
2) Tropomyosin
3) Troponin
A series of beads strung together, a globular protein strung to make a string in thin filaments
Actin
Threadlike protein in thin filaments
Tropomyosin
Protein of thin filaments that is a cluster of multiple proteins joined together to form a complex
Troponin
Thin and think filaments overlap specific to each myofibril, because of this we see
Banding Pattern
The dark band we can see in muscle tissue under the microscope
A band
The light band we can see in muscle tissue under the microscope
I band
This band is the length of the thick filament in the muscle cell with some thin filament overlap
A band
This band is the length of the think filament where there is no thick filament overlap
I band
Area with no thin filament in the A band, just a little lighter than the rest of A band
H zone
Line that bisects the H zone with end to end attachments of the thick filaments
M-Line
Bisects the I band where end to end attachments of thin filaments occur
Z line (disc)
Area between two Z lines
Sarcomere
Filaments in muscle cell that do not participate in contraction. They are supportive structural proteins that help provide integrity to sarcomere and myofibril
Elastic Filaments
Name the two elastic filament proteins
Titin
Nebulin
Elastic filament located between z line and the thick filament. Provides recoil ability to the cell
Titin
Elastic filament that runs along the thin filament within it, forms the core of the thin filament
Nebulin
Intracellular tubules that extend from the plasma membrane and wrap around each of the myofibrils along with sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
This intracellular tubule expands as it comes close to t -tubules, looks like a cistern not a network
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
The expanded regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on either side of t-tubule are called
Terminal Cisternae
t-tubule + 2 terminal cisternae are referred to as
Triad
