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KN 251 > Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

The region that is posterior to the pelvis that is involved in extension, abduction, and medial and lateral rotation of the thigh

A

Gluteal Region

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2
Q

Group of muscles known as the hamstring that extend the thigh and flex the leg

A

Hamstrings

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3
Q

The most superficial of the gluteal muscles, largest and heaviest in gluteal region

A

Gluteus Maximus

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of gluteus maximus

A

Origin: Dorsal Ilium, Sacrum, Coxas, Sacrotuberous Ligament

Insertion: IT Band and Gluteal Tuberosity

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5
Q

Main action of the gluteus maximus

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the thigh

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6
Q

Innervation of the gluteus maximus

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

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7
Q

Gluteus Medius originates between what on the ala?

A

Posterior and anterior Line

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8
Q

Gluteus minimus originates between what on the ala?

A

Anterior and inferior Lines

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9
Q

Actions of the gluteus medius and minimus (locomotion

A

Abduct the thigh and medial rotation

Most important function is walking mechanism

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10
Q

What do the prevent happening during walking?

A

Sagging of the unsupported side for raising the unsupported foot

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11
Q

Origin of gluteus medius:

Insertion:

A

Origin: Between posterior and anterior gluteal lines side of ilium

Insertion Lateral aspect of greater trochanter

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12
Q

Origin of the gluteus minimus

A

Origin: Between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter

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13
Q

Innervation of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

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14
Q

When the gluteus medius and minimus are inactive owing to injury of the superior gluteal nerve, the supporting and steadying action of these muscles is lost and the pelvis falls to the side of the raised or unsupported limb. This is the

A

Trendelenberg Sign

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15
Q

Where do all of the lateral rotaters insert near or in?

A

Greater Trochanter

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16
Q

Lateral rotator that is narrow and triangular shaped and exits from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen

All other rotators are located inferior to the piriformis, sciatic nerve exits inferior.

Important for locating other structure

A

Piriformis

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17
Q

Origin and insertion of the piriformis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum

Insertion: Greater trochanter

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18
Q

Innervation of the piriformis

A

Ventral rami of S1, S2, and L5

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19
Q

Action of the piriformis (primary and other action)

A

Lateral rotations and helps in abduction

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20
Q

The white tendon of this muscle is in the gluteal region, and the muscle is located inside the pelvis and exits the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Obturator Internus

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21
Q

Origin and insertion of the obturator internus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane in margins of obturator foramen

Insertion: Greater Trochanter

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22
Q

Innervation of the obturator internus

A

Ventral Rami of L5 and S1

23
Q

Action of the obturator internus

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

24
Q

Muscles that insert into the obturator internus tendon that often cover the internus tendon

A

Gemullus superior and inferior

25
Q

Origin and insertion of the superior gemellus

A

Origin: ischial spine

Insertion:Obturator internus tendon into greater trochanter

26
Q

Origin and insertion of the inferior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Obturator internus tendon to greater trochanter

27
Q

Innervation of the superior and inferior gemellus

A

Ventral Rami of L5 and S1

28
Q

Action of superior gemellus and inferior gemellus

A

Lateral rotation

29
Q

Square shaped muscle inferior to inferior gemellus

A

Quadratus femoris

30
Q

Origin and insertion of the quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

Greater trochanter and trochanteric crest

31
Q

Innervation of the quadratus femoris

A

Ventral Rami of L5 and S1

32
Q

What action is the quadratus femoris a strong participant in?

A

Lateral Rotation of the thigh

33
Q

Muscle that arises from the outside of the pelvis anteriorly over the obturator foramen.

A

Obturator Externus

34
Q

Origin and insertion of the obturator externus

A

Origin: Obturator foramen

Inserts: Trochanteric fossa of the femur

35
Q

Innervation of the obturator externus

A

Obturator nerve (innervates adductor/medial compartment of the thigh)

36
Q

Action of the obturator externus

A

Lateral rotation and stabilizing the femur in the acetabulum

37
Q

Gluteomuscular injections occur because

A

The muscle is thick and large so it provides a large area for the absorption of drugs

be careful of sciatic nerve! Do it superiorly in upper outer quadrant

38
Q

The 3 (or 4) muscles of the hamstrings

A

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

39
Q

Innervation of the hamstrings except the short head of the biceps femoris which is innervated by the common fibular nerve

A

Sciatic nerve

40
Q

Laterally located muscle that has a long and short head.

Which head crosses the hip and knee joint?

Which head crosses only the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris

Long head

Short head

41
Q

Origin and insertion of the long head

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:head of the fibula

42
Q

Origin and insertion of the short head

A

Origin: Linea aspera

Insertion: head of the fibula

43
Q

Innervation of short head and long head

A

Long head: sciatic

Short head: Common fibular

44
Q

Action of long head

Action of short head

A

Extend the thigh and flex the knee

Flex the knee

45
Q

Medially located muscle in the thigh with a long chord like tendon

A

Semitendinosus

46
Q

Origin and insertion of the semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial side of tibia via pes anserinus

47
Q

Innervation of the semitendinosus

A

Sciatic nerve

48
Q

Action of the semitendinosus

A

Extension of the thigh and flexion of the knee, slight rotation too

49
Q

`Muscle that lies deep to the semitendinosus, is a thicker muscle. Has a wide flat band of insertion

A

Semimembranosus

50
Q

Origin and insertion of the semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of the tibia to form obliue popliteal ligament

51
Q

What does the semimembranosus continue on to form?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

52
Q

Innervation of the semimembranosus

A

Sciatic nerve via tibial portion

53
Q

Action of the semimembranosus

A

Extend the thigh, flex the knee, medial rotation (slight)

KN 251 (17 decks)

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