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KN 251 > Contraction of the muscle Fiber > Flashcards

Contraction of the muscle Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 structures that are directly controlling the muscle contraction

A

Muscle
Nerve
Synapse

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2
Q

Theory stating that muscle contraction is based on shortening of sarcomeres throughout the skeletal muscle. Because sarcomeres are end to end, all the way down the length of the skeletal muscle cell, the muscle cell shortens too.

A

Huxley’s Sliding Filament Theory

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3
Q

Huxley’s Sliding Filament Theory predicts that thick and thin filaments must overlap and slide past one another. Greater overlap = shorter or longer muscle?

A

Shorter Muscle

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4
Q

Contractile element that is made of myosin that has hinged tail and 2 heads which are capable of flexing

A

Thick Filament

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5
Q

What two binding sites are on the heads of myosin?

A

ATP and Actin binding sites

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6
Q

Name the 3 components of thin filament

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin Complex

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7
Q

There is a binding site on the actin molecules for

A

myosin

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8
Q

Two additional things that are necessary for contraction to occur

A

Calcium Ions

ATP

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9
Q

When a muscle is relaxed, is there maximal or minimal filament overlap?

Is there action potential from the nerve?

A

Minimal

No.

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10
Q

“Activated” myosin heads are holding…

A

ADP and inorganic phosphate after hydrolization from ATP

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11
Q

Is the ATP kinetic or potential energy?

A

Potential

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12
Q

Is there Ca in the cytoplasm surrounding microfibrils?

A

No

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13
Q

Where does the Calcium come from?

A

Terminal cisternae of the sarcolplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

What causes the calclium to enter the cytoplasm and surround the myofibrils?

A

Action potential along the nerve

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15
Q

What does Ca bind with in the myofibril?

A

Troponin

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16
Q

What happens to the troponin once Ca binds with it?

A

It changes shape

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17
Q

What is troponin attached to?

A

Tropomyosin

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18
Q

What forms when the myosin (charged) binds to actin (thick and thin filament of myosin head binds to actin)

A

Cross Bridge Attachment

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19
Q

Flexion of myosin head an tail that pulls thin filament along after cross bridge attachment

A

Power Stroke

20
Q

What happens when the power stroke goes on the entire sarcomere?

A

Sarcomere Shortening

21
Q

What occurs next, a process that requires ATP binding to the myosin head?

A

Cross Bridge Detachment

22
Q

Where does ATP come from?

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

What cleaves the ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate?

A

Myosin ATPase

24
Q

What does cleaving of ATP into ADP by myosin ATPase achieve?

A

Storage of the potential energy in the myosin head for next cross bridge

25
Q

What if there is no more contraction/action potential to occur?

A

Returns to relaxed state

26
Q

What happens to Ca and ATP if there is no more contraction to occur

A

Calcium goes to terminal cysternae

ATP be bound to myosin head

27
Q

Which step of sarcomere shortening actually uses ATP?

A

Power stroke

28
Q

Structure that tells the muscle what to do and when to do it

A

Motor nerve

29
Q

Axon of nerve comes from spinal chord and expands into three

A

terminal boutons

30
Q

Terminal bouton contains these, which are contained within it

A

Synaptic Vesicles

31
Q

Neurotransmitter which functions as ligand within terminal bouton

A

Acetylcholine

32
Q

Channels in terminal bouton in addition to typical Na and ATPase channels (maintenance proteins)

A

Ca channels

33
Q

Muscle side of neuromuscular junction that contains sarcolemma is called

A

Motor End Plate

34
Q

What formation occurs on the motor end plate to increase surface area?

A

Junctional Folds

35
Q

Within junctional folds are receptors for acetylcholine

A

Ach Receptors

36
Q

The space between the nerve and muscle that has glycoproteins to hold structures in place

A

Synaptic Cleft

37
Q

Action potential causes what to change in the plasma membrane of the terminal bouton

A

Voltage Change

38
Q

The voltage change causes opening of which voltage gated channels to allow its movement from outside bouton to inside the bouton?

A

Calcium Voltage Gated Channels

39
Q

What does the calcium cause when its released in the terminal bouton?

A

Vesicle migration

40
Q

When vesicles reach end of terminal boutons, what occurs?

A

Exocytosis of acetocholyne

41
Q

Acetylcholine crosses the synapse and binds with what on the motor end plate?

A

Receptors

42
Q

What does acetycholine migration across the membrane cause?

A

Graded potential (Na+ flows in)

43
Q

What follows the graded potential?

A

Action potential along membrane of skeletal muscle

44
Q

How is acetylcholine removed to stop action potentials from recurring?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

45
Q

Means when you excite the cell a contraction will follow

A

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

46
Q

What structure of muscle cell is exciteable and brings the action potential to the muscle fibers?

A

T-tubules

47
Q

What is released after excitation of t-tubules?

A

Calclium voltage gated channels in terminal cysternae open and Ca diffuses

KN 251 (17 decks)

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