muscle action

Question 1

concentric

Answer 1

• muscular force greater than resistive force; muscle shortens

Question 2

isometric

Answer 2

muscular force equal to resistive force; no change in muscle length

Question 3

eccentric

Answer 3

muscle developes tension while lengthening; decelerates force

Question 4

length-tension relationship

Answer 4

resting length
of a muscle and the tension it can produce
at that length.

Question 5

force-couple

Answer 5

muscles working together to

produce movement.

Question 6

force-velocity curve

Answer 6

—as the velocity of a
contraction increases, concentric force
decreases and eccentric force increases.

Question 7

neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 7

ability to
produce and reduce force, and stabilize the
kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.

Question 8

structural efficiency

Answer 8

alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows center of gravity to be
maintained over a base of support.

Question 9

davis’s law

Answer 9

soft tissue models along the lines of stress.

Question 10

autogenic inhibition

Answer 10

when neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause
muscles to contract; inhibits muscle spindles.

Question 11

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 11

simultaneous contraction of one muscle, and relaxation of its antagonist to allow
movement.

Question 12

relative flexibility

Answer 12

tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance.

Question 13

pattern overload

Answer 13

consistently repeating the
same motion; places abnormal stresses on the
body

Question 14

postural distortion patterns

Answer 14

—predictable

patterns of muscle imbalances.

Question 15

altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 15

—muscle inhibition
caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its
functional antagonist.

Question 16

synergistic dominance

Answer 16

synergist takes over
function for a weak or inhibited prime mover.

Question 17

muscle imbalance

Answer 17

alteration of muscle length

surrounding a joint.

Question 18

stabilization

Answer 18

ability to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movement.

Question 19

strength

Answer 19

—ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force.

Question 20

strength endurance

Answer 20

muscles’ ability to contract for an extended period.

Question 21

muscular hypertrophy

Answer 21

enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers from resistance training.

Question 22

maximal strength

Answer 22

—largest force a muscle can produce in a single voluntary effort

Question 23

power

Answer 23

ability to produce the greatest force in the shortest time