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NASM > imbalances/dynamic postural assessments > Flashcards

imbalances/dynamic postural assessments Flashcards

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1
Q

Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)

A

assesses dynamic posture to identify movement dysfunction and
muscle imbalances.

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2
Q

OHSA: excessive forward lean (overactive)

A 
GasSoHipAb
gastrocnemius
soleus
hip flexor complex
abdominal complex
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3
Q

OHSA: excessive forward lean (underactive)

A

Ant-T/Glute Max/Erect
anterior tibialis
gluteus maximus
erector spinae

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4
Q

OHSA: low back arch (anterior pelvic tilt) overactive

A

Hip/Lat/Erect
hip flexor complex
erector spinae
latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

OHSA: low back arch (anterior pelvic tilt) underactive

A

Glute max/Ham/In-C
gluteus maximus
hamstring complex
intrinsic core stabilizers

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6
Q

OHSA: lateral view - low back rounds (posterior pelvic tilt) overactive

A

hamstring complex

rectus abdominis

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7
Q

OHSA: low back rounds (posterior pelvic tilt) underactive

A

Glute max/In-C/Erect
intrinsic core stabilizers
gluteus maximus
erector spinae

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8
Q

OHSA: arms fall forward overactive

A

Lat/TMaj/PMaj/Pmin
latissimus dorsi
teres major
pectoralis major/minor

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9
Q

OHSA: lateral view - arms fall forward underactive

A

Mid Trap/Low Trap/Rhom/Rot
middle/lower trapezius
rhomboids
rotator cuff

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10
Q

OHSA: feet turn out overactive

A

LatGas/So/Bi
soleus
lateral gastrocnemius
biceps femoris (short head)

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11
Q

OHSA: feet turn out underactive

A 
MedGas/MedHam/Grac/Sart/Pop
medial gastrocnemius
medial hamstring complex
gracilis
sartorius
popliteus
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12
Q

OHSA: knees move inwards overactive

A 
Gas/So/Add/Bi/TFL/VL
gastrocnemius
soleus
adductor complex
biceps femoris (short head)
tensor fasciae latae
vastus lateralis
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13
Q

OHSA: knees move inwards underactive

A

Glute Max/Glute med/VMO
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
vastus medialis oblique

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14
Q

OHSA: knees move outwards overactive

A 
Gas/So/Bi/Pir
gastrocnemius
soleus
biceps femoris (short head)
piriformis
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15
Q

OHSA: knees move outwards underactive

A

Med Ham/Glute Max/Add
gluteus maximus
adductors
medial hamstring complex

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16
Q

single leg squat

A

—assesses ankle proprioception, core strength, and hip joint stability.

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17
Q

Single leg squat anterior view knees move in (overactive?)

A 
Add/Bi/TFL/VL
adductor complex
biceps femoris
tensor fasciae latae
vastus lateralis
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18
Q

Single leg squat anterior view knees move in (underactive?)

A

Glute max/Glute Med/VMO
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
vastus medialis oblique

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19
Q

pushing assessment

A

assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during pushing
movements.

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20
Q

pushing assessment lateral view low back arches (overactive?)

A

Hip/Erect
hip flexors
erector spinae

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21
Q

pushing assessment lateral view low back arches (underactive?)

A

In-C

intrinsic core stabilizers

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22
Q

pushing assessment lateral view shoulders elevate(overactive?)

A

Up Trap/Sterno-C/Lev Scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae

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23
Q

pushing assessment lateral view shoulders elevate(underactive?)

A

Mid Trap/Low Trap
mid trapezius
lower trapezius

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24
Q

pushing assessment lateral view head protrudes(overactive?)

A

Up Trap/Sterno-C/Lev Scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae

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25
Q

pushing assessment lateral view head protrudes(underactive?)

A

deep cervical floors

26
Q

pulling assessment

A

—assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during pulling
movements

27
Q

pulling assessment lateral view low back arches (overactive?)

A

Hip/erect
hip flexors
erector spinae

28
Q

pulling assessment lateral view low back arches (underactive?)

A

In-C

intrinsic core stabilizers

29
Q

pulling assessment lateral view shoulders elevate (overactive?)

A

Uppeer Trap/Sterno-C/Lev scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae

30
Q

pulling assessment lateral view shoulders elevate (underactive?)

A

Mid trap/Low trap
mid trapezius
lower trapezius

31
Q

pulling assessment lateral view head protrudes (overactive?)

A

Up Trap/SternoC/lev scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae

32
Q

pulling assessment lateral view head protrudes (underactive?)

A

deep cervical flexors

33
Q

gait assessment

A

assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during walking and
running.

34
Q

gait assessment feet flatten (overactive?)

A 
LatGas/Per/Bi/TFL
peroneal complex
lateral gastrocnemius
biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
35
Q

gait assessment feet flatten (underactive?)

A 
Ant-T/Post T/MedGas/Glute Med
anterior tibialis
posterior tibialis
medial gastrocnemius
gluteus medius
36
Q

gait assessment feet turn out (overactive?)

A 
Lat Gas/So/Bi/TFL
soleus
lateral gastrocnemius
biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
37
Q

gait assessment feet turn out (underactive?)

A 
Med Gas/Med Ham/Grac/Sart/Pop/GluteMax/GluteMed
medial gastrocnemius
medial hamstring
gluteus medius/maximus
gracilis
sartorius
poplitues
38
Q

gait assessment knees move inward (overactive?)

A 
Add/Bi/TFL/VL/LatGas
adductor complex
biceps femoris (short head)
TFL
lateral gastrocnemius
vastus lateralis
39
Q

gait assessment knees move inward (underactive?)

A 
Glute Max/Glute Med/VMO/Ant T/Post T/MedGas/MedHam
medial hamstring
medial gastrocnemius
gluteus medius/maximus
vastus medialis oblique
anterior tibialis
posterior tibialis
40
Q

gait assessment low back arch (overactive?)

A 
Hip//Lat/Erect/Add/EO
hip flexor complex
erector spinae
latissimus dorsi
external obliques
adductor complex
41
Q

gait assessment low back arch (underactive?)

A 
Glute Max/Ham/In C/Sart/Pop
gluteus maximus
intrinsic core stabilizers
hamstrings
sartorius
popliteus
42
Q

gait assessment excessive rotation (overactive?)

A

hamstrings

43
Q

gait assessment excessive rotation (underactive?)

A

Glute max/glute med/In C
gluteus medius/maximus
intrinsic core stabilizers

44
Q

gait assessment hip hike (overactive?)

A 
quadratus lumborum (opposite side)
TFL/gluteus minimus (same side)
45
Q

gait assessment hip hike (underactive?)

A 
adductor complex (same side)
gluteus medius (same side)
46
Q

gait assessment rounded shoulders (overactive?)

A

pectorals

latissimus dorsi

47
Q

gait assessment rounded shoulders (underactive?)

A

middle and lower trapezius

rotator cuff

48
Q

gait assessment forward head (overactive?)

A

upper trapezius
levator scapulae
sternocleidomastoid

49
Q

gait assessment forward head (underactive?)

A

deep cervical flexors

50
Q

overweight vs obesity

A

Being overweight is considered having a BMI index between the ranges of 25 and 29.9 and between 25 and 30 pounds over the recommended height to weight ratio. Being obese is considered having a BMI of 30 or more with at least 30 pounds overweight for the height to weight ratio.

51
Q

Health facts

A

57% of the deaths in the United States were caused by cancer and cardiovascular disease. Approximately 80% of these deaths could have been prevented if the individuals lived healthier lifestyles.
…
Currently, 66% of people in the United States that are over 20 years old or overweight. 34% of this 66% are classified as obese.

52
Q

human movement system

A

the kinetic chain.
The kinetic chain (human movement system) is made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).

53
Q

Type I

A

Type I (slow twitch): These are also known as endurance fibers. They are smaller, produce less power, receive more oxygen and are more mitochondrial dense.

54
Q

Type II

A

Type II (fast twitch): These do not have as much endurance, have less oxygen delivery, have short-term contractions, can produce more force and power and are larger than type I fibers.

55
Q

Type IIx:

A

Type IIx: These have a low oxidative capacity and or quick to fatigue.

56
Q

Type IIa

A

Type IIa: These have a higher oxidative capacity and will fatigue slower than type IIx. Another name for these is intermediate fast twitch muscle fibers.

57
Q

The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:

For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

A

The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:

For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles

58
Q

Inhalation

The thoracic cavity expands new
The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
This pulls air to the lungs
It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity

A

Exhalation

The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
This forces blood into the right atrium
This is important especially for heavy exercises

59
Q

beta oxidation

A

Beta (B)-oxidation: This is the first process that breaks down fatty acids. It includes the oxidation of beta carbons and removing to fragments of carbon from the fatty acid.

60
Q

isokinetic muscle action

A

Isokinetic: in isokinetic muscle, action is when the contraction speed of a muscle is constant.

61
Q

more vocabs

A

Length-tension relationships: This is the perfect length of a muscle that will result in the most force produced. The ability of a muscle to produce force at its current range.
Torque: Something that tends to produce rotation or torsion. The movement of a system or force that typically leads to a rotation.
Rotary motion: This is rotational movements from the joints.
Force couple: Groups of muscles that work with one another in order to produce a force on a joint.

62
Q

common force couples

A

Hips/Knee extension during walking, running, stair climbing = gluteus maximus, quadriceps, calf muscles.
Elbow flexion/bicep curls = shortening of the brachioradialis, brachialis and biceps brachii.

NASM (19 decks)

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