imbalances/dynamic postural assessments Flashcards
Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)
assesses dynamic posture to identify movement dysfunction and
muscle imbalances.
OHSA: excessive forward lean (overactive)
GasSoHipAb gastrocnemius soleus hip flexor complex abdominal complex
OHSA: excessive forward lean (underactive)
Ant-T/Glute Max/Erect
anterior tibialis
gluteus maximus
erector spinae
OHSA: low back arch (anterior pelvic tilt) overactive
Hip/Lat/Erect
hip flexor complex
erector spinae
latissimus dorsi
OHSA: low back arch (anterior pelvic tilt) underactive
Glute max/Ham/In-C
gluteus maximus
hamstring complex
intrinsic core stabilizers
OHSA: lateral view - low back rounds (posterior pelvic tilt) overactive
hamstring complex
rectus abdominis
OHSA: low back rounds (posterior pelvic tilt) underactive
Glute max/In-C/Erect
intrinsic core stabilizers
gluteus maximus
erector spinae
OHSA: arms fall forward overactive
Lat/TMaj/PMaj/Pmin
latissimus dorsi
teres major
pectoralis major/minor
OHSA: lateral view - arms fall forward underactive
Mid Trap/Low Trap/Rhom/Rot
middle/lower trapezius
rhomboids
rotator cuff
OHSA: feet turn out overactive
LatGas/So/Bi
soleus
lateral gastrocnemius
biceps femoris (short head)
OHSA: feet turn out underactive
MedGas/MedHam/Grac/Sart/Pop medial gastrocnemius medial hamstring complex gracilis sartorius popliteus
OHSA: knees move inwards overactive
Gas/So/Add/Bi/TFL/VL gastrocnemius soleus adductor complex biceps femoris (short head) tensor fasciae latae vastus lateralis
OHSA: knees move inwards underactive
Glute Max/Glute med/VMO
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
vastus medialis oblique
OHSA: knees move outwards overactive
Gas/So/Bi/Pir gastrocnemius soleus biceps femoris (short head) piriformis
OHSA: knees move outwards underactive
Med Ham/Glute Max/Add
gluteus maximus
adductors
medial hamstring complex
single leg squat
—assesses ankle proprioception, core strength, and hip joint stability.
Single leg squat anterior view knees move in (overactive?)
Add/Bi/TFL/VL adductor complex biceps femoris tensor fasciae latae vastus lateralis
Single leg squat anterior view knees move in (underactive?)
Glute max/Glute Med/VMO
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
vastus medialis oblique
pushing assessment
assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during pushing
movements.
pushing assessment lateral view low back arches (overactive?)
Hip/Erect
hip flexors
erector spinae
pushing assessment lateral view low back arches (underactive?)
In-C
intrinsic core stabilizers
pushing assessment lateral view shoulders elevate(overactive?)
Up Trap/Sterno-C/Lev Scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
pushing assessment lateral view shoulders elevate(underactive?)
Mid Trap/Low Trap
mid trapezius
lower trapezius
pushing assessment lateral view head protrudes(overactive?)
Up Trap/Sterno-C/Lev Scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
pushing assessment lateral view head protrudes(underactive?)
deep cervical floors
pulling assessment
—assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during pulling
movements
pulling assessment lateral view low back arches (overactive?)
Hip/erect
hip flexors
erector spinae
pulling assessment lateral view low back arches (underactive?)
In-C
intrinsic core stabilizers
pulling assessment lateral view shoulders elevate (overactive?)
Uppeer Trap/Sterno-C/Lev scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
pulling assessment lateral view shoulders elevate (underactive?)
Mid trap/Low trap
mid trapezius
lower trapezius
pulling assessment lateral view head protrudes (overactive?)
Up Trap/SternoC/lev scap
upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
pulling assessment lateral view head protrudes (underactive?)
deep cervical flexors
gait assessment
assesses movement efficiency and potential muscle imbalances during walking and
running.
gait assessment feet flatten (overactive?)
LatGas/Per/Bi/TFL peroneal complex lateral gastrocnemius biceps femoris (short head) TFL
gait assessment feet flatten (underactive?)
Ant-T/Post T/MedGas/Glute Med anterior tibialis posterior tibialis medial gastrocnemius gluteus medius
gait assessment feet turn out (overactive?)
Lat Gas/So/Bi/TFL soleus lateral gastrocnemius biceps femoris (short head) TFL
gait assessment feet turn out (underactive?)
Med Gas/Med Ham/Grac/Sart/Pop/GluteMax/GluteMed medial gastrocnemius medial hamstring gluteus medius/maximus gracilis sartorius poplitues
gait assessment knees move inward (overactive?)
Add/Bi/TFL/VL/LatGas adductor complex biceps femoris (short head) TFL lateral gastrocnemius vastus lateralis
gait assessment knees move inward (underactive?)
Glute Max/Glute Med/VMO/Ant T/Post T/MedGas/MedHam medial hamstring medial gastrocnemius gluteus medius/maximus vastus medialis oblique anterior tibialis posterior tibialis
gait assessment low back arch (overactive?)
Hip//Lat/Erect/Add/EO hip flexor complex erector spinae latissimus dorsi external obliques adductor complex
gait assessment low back arch (underactive?)
Glute Max/Ham/In C/Sart/Pop gluteus maximus intrinsic core stabilizers hamstrings sartorius popliteus
gait assessment excessive rotation (overactive?)
hamstrings
gait assessment excessive rotation (underactive?)
Glute max/glute med/In C
gluteus medius/maximus
intrinsic core stabilizers
gait assessment hip hike (overactive?)
quadratus lumborum (opposite side) TFL/gluteus minimus (same side)
gait assessment hip hike (underactive?)
adductor complex (same side) gluteus medius (same side)
gait assessment rounded shoulders (overactive?)
pectorals
latissimus dorsi
gait assessment rounded shoulders (underactive?)
middle and lower trapezius
rotator cuff
gait assessment forward head (overactive?)
upper trapezius
levator scapulae
sternocleidomastoid
gait assessment forward head (underactive?)
deep cervical flexors
overweight vs obesity
Being overweight is considered having a BMI index between the ranges of 25 and 29.9 and between 25 and 30 pounds over the recommended height to weight ratio. Being obese is considered having a BMI of 30 or more with at least 30 pounds overweight for the height to weight ratio.
Health facts
57% of the deaths in the United States were caused by cancer and cardiovascular disease. Approximately 80% of these deaths could have been prevented if the individuals lived healthier lifestyles.
…
Currently, 66% of people in the United States that are over 20 years old or overweight. 34% of this 66% are classified as obese.
human movement system
the kinetic chain.
The kinetic chain (human movement system) is made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).
Type I
Type I (slow twitch): These are also known as endurance fibers. They are smaller, produce less power, receive more oxygen and are more mitochondrial dense.
Type II
Type II (fast twitch): These do not have as much endurance, have less oxygen delivery, have short-term contractions, can produce more force and power and are larger than type I fibers.
Type IIx:
Type IIx: These have a low oxidative capacity and or quick to fatigue.
Type IIa
Type IIa: These have a higher oxidative capacity and will fatigue slower than type IIx. Another name for these is intermediate fast twitch muscle fibers.
The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:
For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:
For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
Inhalation
The thoracic cavity expands new
The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
This pulls air to the lungs
It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity
Exhalation
The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
This forces blood into the right atrium
This is important especially for heavy exercises
beta oxidation
Beta (B)-oxidation: This is the first process that breaks down fatty acids. It includes the oxidation of beta carbons and removing to fragments of carbon from the fatty acid.
isokinetic muscle action
Isokinetic: in isokinetic muscle, action is when the contraction speed of a muscle is constant.
more vocabs
Length-tension relationships: This is the perfect length of a muscle that will result in the most force produced. The ability of a muscle to produce force at its current range.
Torque: Something that tends to produce rotation or torsion. The movement of a system or force that typically leads to a rotation.
Rotary motion: This is rotational movements from the joints.
Force couple: Groups of muscles that work with one another in order to produce a force on a joint.
common force couples
Hips/Knee extension during walking, running, stair climbing = gluteus maximus, quadriceps, calf muscles.
Elbow flexion/bicep curls = shortening of the brachioradialis, brachialis and biceps brachii.
