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AMC Flashcards > Murtagh Diagnoses > Flashcards

Murtagh Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

angina + dyspnoea + blackouts

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

menstrual dysfunction + obesity + hirsutism

A

polycystic ovarian syndrome

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3
Q

dysmenorrhoea + heavy menstrual bleeding + dyspareunia (difficult/painful sexual intercourse) + abdominal/pelvic pain

A

endometriosis

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4
Q

abdominal pain + diarrhoea + fever

A

Crohn disease

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5
Q

ataxia + hearing loss + facial numbness

A

acoustic neuroma

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6
Q

fatigue + muscle weakness + cramps

A

Hypokalaemia

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7
Q

ECG: peaked T waves, ↓ QT, ↑ PR interval → arrhythmias

A

Hyperkalaemia

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8
Q

fever + rigors + hypotension

A

septicaemia

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9
Q

pale child + severe ‘colic’ + vomiting + inactivity/lethargy

A

acute intussusception

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10
Q

fatigue + palpitations + exertional dyspnoea

A

anaemia

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11
Q

(<2 years): lethargy + irritability + pallor

A

iron deficiency anaemia

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12
Q

fatigue + dizziness + exertional dyspnoea

A

cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

Fever of unknown origin + cardiac murmur + embolic phenomena

A

infective endocarditis

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14
Q

intense abdominal pain + pale and ‘shocked’ ± back pain

A

ruptured AAA

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15
Q

localised RIF pain + a/n/v + guarding

A

acute appendicitis

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16
Q

abdominal pain + malar flush + fever ± URTI

A

mesenteric adenitis

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17
Q

acute abdominal pain + left-sided radiation + fever

A

acute diverticulitis

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18
Q

amenorrhoea (65–80%) + lower abdominal pain (95+%) + abnormal vaginal bleeding (65–85%)

A

ectopic pregnancy

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19
Q

intense pain (loin) → groin + microscopic haematuria

A

ureteric colic

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20
Q

severe RUQ abdominal pain + vomiting + pain radiation

A

biliary colic

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21
Q

fever (often with rigor) + upper abdominal pain + jaundice

A

acute cholangitis

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22
Q

fatigue + weight loss + iron deficency + diarrhoea

A

coeliac disease

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23
Q

anorexia/nausea + faecal leaking + abdominal bloating

A

faecal impaction

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24
Q

abdominal cramps + flatulence + profuse diarrhoea

A

giardiasis

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25
Q

lethargy + abdominal pains + irritability (in child)

A

lead poisoning

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26
Q

aching bones + waddling gait + deafness

A

Paget disease

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27
Q

fever + drooling + stridor (child)

A

epiglottitis

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28
Q

URTI + brassy cough + inspiratory stridor

A

croup

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29
Q

drowsiness + tachypnoea + chest wall recession

A

pneumonia

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30
Q

‘flu’ + headache + dry cough

A

atypical pneumonia

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31
Q

(<12 months): drowsiness + cough + wheezing (associated with viral infection)

A

bronchiolitis

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32
Q

coughing + wheezing + chest wall recession

A

asthma or aspirated foreign body

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33
Q

fever + conjunctivitis + skin changes (cracked red lips, maculopapular rash, erythema of palms/soles,
desquamation of fingertips)

A

Kawasaki syndrome

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34
Q

malaise + cough + fever (± erythema nodosum)

A

sarcoidosis or TB (mantoux test to diferentiate them)

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35
Q

(history of travelling) + fever + chills + headache

A

malaria

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36
Q

fever + bradycardia + jaundice

A

yellow fever

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37
Q

fever + severe aching (especially headache) + rash

A

dengue fever

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38
Q

febrile illness + vomiting + stupor

A

Japanese B encephalitis

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39
Q

fever + pneumonia + myalgia

A

melioidosis

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40
Q

painful bite + paraesthesia + hydrophobia (pain with drinking)

A

rabies

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41
Q

‘stepladder’ fever + abdominal pain + relative bradycardia

A

typhoid (early)

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42
Q

fever + vomiting + abrupt onset ‘rice water’ diarrhoea

A

cholera

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43
Q

malaise + cough + weight loss ± fever/night sweats + haemoptysis

A

pulmonary TB

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44
Q

malaise + cough + weight loss (+ smoking)

A

lung carcinoma

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45
Q

(male child) snorting, blinking + oral noises (e.g. grunts) ± loud expletives

A

Tourette syndrome

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46
Q

fever + severe malaise + generalized lymphadenopathy

A

acute HIV

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47
Q

thirst + polyuria + weight loss

A

type 1 diabetes

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48
Q

polyuria + polydipsia + skin/orifice infections

A

diabetes mellitus

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49
Q

weakness + polyuria + polydipsia

A

diabetes insipidus

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50
Q

fatigue + polyarthritis + fever or skin lesions

A

SLE

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51
Q

finger discomfort + arthralgia + GORD (± skin tightness)

A

scleroderma

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52
Q

dry eyes + dry mouth + arthritis

A

Sjögren syndrome

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53
Q

arthralgia + weight loss + fever (± skin lesions)

A

polyarteritis nodosa

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54
Q

weakness + joint and muscle pain + violaceous facial rash + raised CK

A

dermatomyositis

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55
Q

malaise + painful shoulder girdle + morning stiffness (>50 years)
no raised CK

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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56
Q

fatigue/malaise + headache + jaw claudication

A

temporal arteritis

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57
Q

urethritis + conjunctivitis ± iritis + arthritis

A

reactive arthritis

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58
Q

arthralgia (lower limbs) + rash (buttocks, legs) ± abdominal pain

A

Henoch–Schönlein purpura

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59
Q

recurrent oral and genital ulcers + uveitis + arthritis

A

Behçet syndrome

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60
Q

genital pruritus + soreness + white wrinkled plaques

A

lichen sclerosus

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61
Q

genital pruritus + soreness + white wrinkled plaques

A

lichen sclerosus

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62
Q

bruising + oral bleeding + epistaxis

A

ITP

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63
Q

menorrhagia + bruising + increased bleeding
1. incisions 2. dental 3. mucosal

A

Von Willebrand disease

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64
Q

spontaneous haemarthrosis + muscle bleeds + delayed bleeding

A

haemophilia A

65
Q

facial rash + intellectual disability + seizures

A

tuberous sclerosis

66
Q

haematuria + dysmorphic RBCs/casts + hypertension

A

acute nephritic syndrome

67
Q

proteinuria + generalised oedema + hypoalbuminaemia

A

nephrotic syndrome

68
Q

1–2 WEEKS AFTER THE INFECTION
discoloured urine + peri-orbital oedema + oliguria

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

69
Q

1-2 DAYS AFTER INFECTION
discoloured urine + peri-orbital oedema + oliguria

A

IgA Nephropathy

70
Q

malaise (extreme) + a/n/v + confusion (± oliguria)

A

AKI

71
Q

fatigue + a/n/v + sallow skin

A

chronic kidney failure

72
Q

severe abdominal pain + abnormal illness behaviour + ‘red’ urine

A

acute intermittent porphyria

73
Q

loin pain + haematuria + palpable loin mass

A

kidney carcinoma

74
Q

malaise + night sweats + painless lymphadenopathy

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

75
Q

fever + myalgia/headache + non-productive cough

A

atypical pneumonia

76
Q

malaise + fever + cough (± erythema nodosa

A

TB or sarcoidosis

77
Q

arthralgia + Raynaud phenomenon + GORD (± skin changes)

A

systemic sclerosis

78
Q

fatigue + headache + jaw claudication

A

temporal arteritis

79
Q

weakness + back pain + weight loss

A

multiple myeloma

80
Q

lethargy + physical/mental slowing + constipation

A

hypothyroidism

81
Q

tiredness + husky voice + cold intolerance

A

myxoedema

82
Q

anxiety + weight loss + weakness

A

thyrotoxicosis

83
Q

nasal problems + fitting problems (e.g. rings, shoes) + sweating

A

acromegaly

84
Q

amenorrhoea + loss of axillary and pubic hair + breast atrophy

A

hypopituitarism (female)

85
Q

↓ libido + impotence + loss of body hair

A

hypopituitarism (male)

86
Q

fatigue + a/n/v + abdominal pain (± skin discolouration)

A

Addison disease

87
Q

fatigue + a/n/v + abdominal pain (± skin discolouration)

Infection/trauma present

A

Addisonian crisis

88
Q

plethoric moon face + thin extremities + muscle weakness

A

Cushing syndrome

89
Q

episodic headache/hypertension + sweating + tachycardia

A

phaeochromocytoma

90
Q

weakness + constipation + polyuria

A

hypercalcaemia

91
Q

cramps + confusion + tetany

A

hypocalcaemia

92
Q

haematuria + abdominal mass + malaise
tumour doesn’t cross the midline
constitutional symptoms UNCOMMON
mass fixed and immobile
calcifications uncommon
AGE 3-4 years old

A

nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour)

93
Q

fever + malaise (extreme) + a/n/v (± anaemia)
tumour doesn’t cross the midline
Constitutional symptoms COMMON
mass can be displaced during physical examination
calcifications common
AGE < 2 years old

A

neuroblastoma

94
Q

(<3 months, usually male): weakness + weight loss + vomiting (severe, intermittent)

A

pyloric stenosis

95
Q

(neonate): vomiting (after first feeds) + drooling + abdominal distension

A

oesophageal or duodenal
atresia

96
Q

severe pain + nausea and vomiting + relative lack of abdominal signs

A

acute pancreatitis

97
Q

painful swallowing + referred ear pain + hoarseness

A

pharyngeal cancer

98
Q

fatigue + progressive dysphagia + weight loss

A

oesophageal cancer

99
Q

Associated with alcoholism and chronic pancreatitis

jaundice + constitutional symptoms (malaise, anorexia, weight loss) + epigastric pain (radiating to
back)

A

pancreatic cancer

100
Q

abdominal discomfort + anorexia + abdominal bloating/distension

A

ovarian cancer

101
Q

blood in stools + abdominal discomfort + change in bowel habit

A

colon cancer

102
Q

malaise + pallor + bone pain

A

acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

L for umeraL/femoraL/radiaL

103
Q

malaise + pallor + oral problems

A

acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)

M for Mouth

104
Q

fatigue + fever/night sweats + abdominal fullness (splenomegaly)

A

chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)

105
Q

fatigue + fever/night sweats + weight loss + lymphadenopathy

A

chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL)

106
Q

malaise + night sweats + pruritus

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

107
Q

malaise + fever/night sweats + lymphadenopathy

A

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

108
Q

weakness + unexplained back pain + susceptibility to infection

A

multiple myeloma

109
Q

fever + vomiting + headache

A

meningitis

110
Q

drowsiness + fever + purpuric rash

A

meningococcal infection

111
Q

occipital headache + vomiting + altered consciousness + neck stiffness

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

112
Q

retro-orbital headache + rhinorrhoea + lacrimation

A

cluster headache

113
Q

headache + vomiting + visual aura

A

migraine with aura

114
Q

drowsiness + vomiting + seizure

A

raised intracranial pressure

115
Q

headache + a/n/v + ataxia

A

medulloblastoma

116
Q

mental dysfunction + vomiting + (waking/early morning) headache

late presentation

A

cerebral tumour

117
Q

obese young patient + headache + visual obscurations + nausea

A

idiopathic intracranial
hypertension

118
Q

fatigue + psychiatric symptoms + myoclonus

A

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

119
Q

malaise + headache + undulant fever

A

brucellosis

120
Q

fever + headache + prostration

A

Q fever

121
Q

abrupt fever + headache + conjunctivitis

Farmer with skin lesion in contact with water contaminated with animal urine (igs, cattle, rodents, dogs)

A

leptospirosis

122
Q

indrawn eye + small pupil + ptosis (± anhydrosis)

A

pancostal tumor (Horner syndrome)

123
Q

malaise + URTs (e.g. rhinitis, sinusitis) + LRTs (e.g. wheeze, cough)

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

124
Q

asthma + rhinitis + vasculitis + hypereosinophilia

A

Churg−Strauss vasculitis

125
Q

failure to thrive + chronic cough (recurrent chest infections) + loose bowel actions

A

cystic fibrosis

126
Q

light-brown skin patches + skin tumours + axillary freckles

A

neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen
disorder)

127
Q

male child + gait disorder + bulky calves

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

128
Q

chorea + abnormal behaviour + dementia + family history

A

Huntington’s disease

129
Q

pallor + jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly

A

thalassaemia major

130
Q

Cardiac defects, duodenal atresia
typical facies + hypotonia + single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

131
Q

characteristic facies + intellectual disability + large testes

A

Fragile X syndrome

132
Q

neonatal hypotonia + failure to thrive + obesity (later)

A

Prader–Willi syndrome

133
Q

tall stature + dislocated lens and myopia + aortic root dilatation

A

Marfan syndrome

134
Q

short stature + webbed neck + facies

A

Turner syndrome

135
Q

facies + short stature + pulmonary stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome

male Turner

136
Q

abnormal facies + growth retardation + microcephaly + history of alcohol intake during pregnancy

A

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

137
Q

delayed communication skills + poor socialisation + repetitive/obsessive behaviour/restriction of
interests

A

autism spectrum disorder

138
Q

acute diarrhoea + colicky abdominal pain ± vomiting

A

gastroenteritis

139
Q

(young adult) diarrhoea ± blood and mucus + abdominal cramps

A

inflammatory bowel disease
(UC/Crohn)

140
Q

(young adult) diarrhoea ± blood and mucus + abdominal cramps + constitutional symptoms ± eyes/joints

A

Crohn’s disease

141
Q

pale bulky offensive stools, difficult to flush, weight loss

A

malabsorption

142
Q

fatigue + weight loss + iron deficiency

gluten

A

coeliac disease

143
Q

failure to thrive (child) + recurrent chest infections

A

cystic fibrosis

144
Q

altered bowel habit: diarrhoea ± constipation ± rectal bleeding ± abdominal discomfort

A

colorectal carcinoma

145
Q

diarrhoea (fluid/incontinent) + constipation + abdominal discomfort + anorexia/nausea

A

faecal impaction

146
Q

profuse watery diarrhoea + abdominal cramps and increasing distension (on antibiotics)

A

pseudomembranous colitis (Girotra’s triad)

147
Q

variable diarrhoea/constipation + abdominal discomfort + mucus PR + flatulence

A

irritable bowel syndrome

148
Q

unilateral) tinnitus + hearing loss + unsteady gait

A

acoustic neuroma

149
Q

acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting

A

vestibular neuronitis

150
Q

acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting + hearing loss ± tinnitus

A

acute labyrinthitis

151
Q

vertigo + vomiting + tinnitus + sensorineural deafness

A

Ménière’s syndrome

152
Q

(adolescent): limp + knee pain + hip pain

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

153
Q

knee pain (after activity) + tender knee ‘lump’ + pain on kneeling

A

Osgood–Schlatter disorder

154
Q

mid to low back pain/discomfort + inability to touch toes + kyphosis

A

Scheuermann disorder

155
Q

dysuria + fever + perineal pain

A

acute prostatitis

156
Q

poor urine flow + straining to void + frequency

A

bladder outlet obstruction

157
Q

patch of complete hair loss + clean scalp + exclamation-mark hairs

A

alopecia areata

158
Q

stressful event + 2–3 month gap to diffuse hair loss + ‘white bulbs’

A

telogen effluvium

159
Q

fair females under 5 + thin wispy hair + easy loss with pulling

A

loose anagen syndrome

AMC Flashcards (39 decks)

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