Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Rosacea

A

Papules, pustules and telangiectasia on an erythematous background

Cheeks, forehead and chin

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2
Q

Erysipelas

A

Indurated skin infection with a well-defined raised edge

Painful

Erythematous

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3
Q

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Red and scaly rash involving

Eyebrows

Eyelids

Nasolabial folds

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4
Q

Chloasma / Melasma

A

Increased browning pigmentation, usually confined to symmetrical areas of the cheeks.

Common in pregnancy

Can be caused by drugs:
*COCP
*Hydroxychloroquine
*Diphenylhydrazine

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5
Q

Malar flush

A

Mitral stenosis

Pulmonary stenosis

Rosacea

SLE

Mesenteric adenitis

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6
Q

Spider naevi

A

Pregnancy

Liver disease

Vitamin B deficiency in normal people

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7
Q

Erysipelas vs cellulitis

A

Erysipelas usually involves the superficial subcutaneous tissue, as a result the skin is hard, red and shiny. It’s usually caused by group A

Cellulitis usually involves the deep tissue resulting in tenderness and swelling. Usually caused by group or Streptococcus pyogenes.

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8
Q

Merkel-cell carcinoma definition

A

aggressive cutaneous
neuroendocrine tumour that is associated with polyomavirus infection,
immunosuppression, advanced age, and sun exposure

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9
Q

Features of Merkel-cell carcinoma

A

Asymptomatic or non-tender
Expanding rapidly
Immune suppressed
Older than 50
UV-exposed fair skin

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10
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Appears as a painless red, brownish-red or blue-black spot. It grows rapidly over a period of a few days to weeks to a final size of 1–2
cm (rarely up to 5 cm). It typically bleeds easily and may ulcerate to form a crusted
sore

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11
Q

Melanoma excision protocol

A

For melanoma in situ, a 5 mm clear margin is desirable.
For melanoma less than 1 mm thickness , a 1 cm clear margin is desirable.
For melanomas 2-4 mm thickness, a 1-2 cm clear margin is desirable.
For melanomas more than 4 mm thickness, a clear margin of 2 cm is required.

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12
Q

highest risk for developing malignant melanoma

A

Multiple dysplastic nevus

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13
Q

highest risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma

A

-Age over 40
-History of non-melanoma skin cancers
-Tendency to burn rather than tan when exposed to the sun
Fair complexion is a risk factor for developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin however it is not useful in assessing the severity of the risk factors contributing to
the disease

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14
Q

Urticaria (hives) characterized by

A

pruritic, oedematous papules, and plaques that vary in size and come and go, often within hours. Folliculitis caused
by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause a rash, often after exposure to hot tubs

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15
Q

Treatment of urticaria

A

Oral promethazine

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16
Q

Yellow-colored cutaneous plaques as well as yellow bumps on his elbows and buttocks

A

Eruptive xanthoma
Xanthomatous skin lesions can be important cutaneous clues for underlying lipid disorders

17
Q

Treatments varicella zoster virus

A

antiviral (within days)
TCA

18
Q

varicella zoster virus

A

also known as Shingles

characterized by a painful, unilateral vesicular eruption in a dermatomal distribution. The clinical manifestations of uncomplicated herpes zoster typically include a dermatomal vesicular rash, and acute neuritis, which precedes or occurs simultaneously with the rash.

19
Q

Secondary pellagra due to vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Due to not enough absorption due to metabolism problems
– Anorexia nervosa.
– Chronic diarrhoea.
– Chronic alcoholism.
– Hartnup disease.
– Carcinoid syndrome
– Colitis.
– Hepatic cirrhosis

20
Q

Primary Pellagra

A

caused by dietary deficiency of tryptophan or niacin (vit B3)

The classic triad of dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia is not always present

21
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Almost exclusively seen in children, main differentiator to alopecia areata

-Black dot ringworm: hairs break off at base leaving “black dots” in hairless patches.
-Grey patch ringworm: circular, scaly, hairless patches develop.
-Seborrheic form: diffuse scale with minimal to no hair loss

22
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma pre-cursor disease

A

typical actinic keratoses (AK).
Over ten years, there is 6% chance that AK progresses to squamous cell carcinoma.

23
Q

Most common skin cancers hierarchy

A

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, accounting for about
68% of all skin cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 28%, melanoma 3%

24
Q

Lichen sclerosus

A

inflammatory condition of the skin.
Bimodal peak: prepubertal
girls, perimenopause.
Pruritus is the main symptom.
Main differential diagnosis is atrophic vaginitis.
First-line treatment includes steroids.
Lifelong surveillance with 6-monthly check-up is required due to the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

25
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris vs Bullous pemphigoid

A

PV: flaccid bullae and mucosal erosions

26
Q

Diagnosis of Lichen Planus

A

commonly occurs as pruritic, purple/pink, polygonal
papules and plaques on the skin of the extremities and trunk (cutaneous LP), but
lesions may also appear on the genitalia (genital LP) (genital LP) or oral mucosa (oral LP). The
lesions often have white, lacy markings known as Wickham striae and can form along the lines of minor trauma

Treatment includes topical high-potency glucocorticoids topical high-potency glucocorticoids (eg, betamethasone). The disorder is self-limited and typically resolves within 2 years.

27
Q

difference between lipoma and epidermoid cyst

A

characteristic physical feature of a lipoma is the lobulated contour

28
Q

skin malignancies is most likely to arise from a burn scar

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

Amiodarone + Warfarin

A

Haematoma

30
Q

Coeliac disease causes what rash

A

dermatitis herpetiform

31
Q

Diagnosis of Ramsay hunt syndrome

A
32
Q

Cause of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A
33
Q

Treatment of acne

A

1st line: isotretinoin
2nd line: Doxycycline

34
Q

Most commonly affected nail site on Tinea Unguium

A

Nail Plate

35
Q

Pattern of lentigo melanoma

A

slow growing (3 years)

36
Q
A