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AMC Flashcards > entomology by Dr Cinitia > Flashcards

entomology by Dr Cinitia Flashcards

1
Q

Rinne Test CLINICAL FEATURES

A

AC>BC: Normal, SNHL BC>AC: Conductive

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2
Q

Weber Test CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Conductive: Louder in Deaf Ear Sensorineural: Louder in Better Ear

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3
Q

Deafness in Elderly CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Presbycusis: Loss of high frequencies (F, S sound)

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4
Q

Deafness in Children CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Hearing loss: 1/1000 SNHL: 2/1000

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5
Q

Deafness in Children FIRST INVESTIGATION

A

Screening at 8m-1y, and school entry

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6
Q

Deafness in Children BEST INVESTIGATION

A

<4yo: Tympanometry
>4yo Audiometry

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7
Q

Otosclerosis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

AD, progressive, pregnancy, conductive hearing loss with normal TM, too many scars

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8
Q

Otosclerosis TREATMENT

A
  1. Refer - Stapedectomy
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9
Q

Meniere’s dx CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus,

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10
Q

Meniere’s dx TREATMENT (3)

A

1.Prochlorperazine or urea crystal
2.Diazepam
3.Low salt diet (Main one for long term)

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11
Q

Labyrinthitis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, previous viral inf.

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12
Q

Labyrinthitis TREATMENT (2)

A
  1. Prochlorperazine
  2. Diazepam
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13
Q

Acoustic Neuroma CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, diplopia, ataxia

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14
Q

Acoustic Neuroma TREATMENT (2)

A
  1. Observation (grows slowly)
  2. Surgery
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15
Q

BPPV CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Vertigo, no hearing loss or tinnitus

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16
Q

BPPV BEST INVESTIGATION

A

Positive Hallpike Test

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17
Q

BPPV TREATMENT (2)

A
  1. Reassurance
  2. Epley Manoeuvre
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18
Q

Foreign Body in nose CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Unilateral nasal discharge

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19
Q

Foreign Body in nose BEST INVESTIGATION

A

Nasal examination under general anaesthesia

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20
Q

Foreign Body in nose TREATMENT

A

Removal

21
Q

Epistaxis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

MCC: Local incidental trauma

22
Q

Epistaxis FIRST INVESTIGATION (3)

A
  1. FBE
  2. INR/aPTT
  3. Blood group
23
Q

Epistaxis TREATMENT (3)

A
  1. Put pt leaning forward
  2. Simple tamponade
  3. Anterior/Posterior Pack
24
Q

Rhinitis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

IgE, pale nasal turbines, boggy membrane. <4d <4w- intermittent seasonal. >4d >4w perennial

25
Q

Rhinitis BEST INVESTIGATION

A

IgE AB test, RAST Test

26
Q

Rhinitis TREATMENT

A

Next: Antihistamines
Best: Steroids (Daily life problems, hay fever allergy-fluticasone nasal spray)

27
Q

Sinusitis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Acute, Chronic (>8-12w). Assoc w nasal polyps

28
Q

Sinusitis TREATMENT (3)

A
  1. Fluoroquinolones OR Amoxi/Clav 2-3w
  2. Cephalosporin 2-3w.
  3. Refer if orbital/facial cellulitis
29
Q

Foreign Body in Ear CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Unilateral hearing loss, earache, discharge

30
Q

Foreign Body in Ear TREATMENT

A

<1y: Give local anaesthesia Live Insects: Next: Drops, Best:
Syringe ear
TM not perforated: Syringe
TM perforated: Suction

31
Q

Acute Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES

A

<2 weeks. No itching. Pain. School age-viral, <2yo or aboriginal: Bacterial. - Red flags (Immediate Atb): <6m, immunocompromised, aboriginal, only hearing ear, cochlear implant.

32
Q

Acute Otitis Media TREATMENT

A

-No TM involved-Viral: PCM or
Lidocaine 2%
-If TM involved-Bacterial w/ red flags: Amoxycillin for 5 days. - No improvement after 48hr: Amoxi/Clav for 5 days. Delayed Penicilin hypersensitivity: Cefuroxime. Immediate-Bactrim

33
Q

Recurrent Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES

A

> 3 episodes in 6m, >4-6 in 12 months

34
Q

Recurrent Otitis Media TREATMENT

A

Prophylaxis: Amoxi or Cefaclor for 4 months.
Pneumococcus vaccine in children>18m + Atb

35
Q

Chronic Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES

A

> 2weeks. Discharge with no pain.
- Organism: Pseudomona (common in aboriginal)

36
Q

Chronic Otitis Media TREATMENT (2)

A

1.Atbs antipseudomona: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, cephalosporin (children)
2.Ear drops and cipro (adults and aboriginal children)

37
Q

Cholesteatoma CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Squamous, attic, perforation, foul smelling, conductive HL. - Complications: Facial Nerve palsy, meningitis, brain abscess

38
Q

Cholesteatoma TREATMENT

A

-<50% perforation: Ear toilet, drops,
Qx
->50% perforation: Qx

39
Q

Otitis Externa CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Itching, pain, hearing loss.
- Candida: Pale cream debris
- Aspergillus: Black spores

40
Q

Otitis Externa TREATMENT (3)

A

1.Aura toilet
2.Syringing+drying
3.Dressing impregnated w steroid+Atb 4. Wick insertion

41
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Cracking, popping sound, fullness sensation, assoc w viral URTIs.

42
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction TREATMENT

A
  1. Systemic and intranasal decongestants.
    Avoid air travel or diving.
43
Q

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) CLINICAL FEATURES

A
  • RF: Immunodeficiency, steroids, DM, HIV, chronic xerostomia
44
Q

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) TREATMENT

A

Topical: Nystatin Oral: Fluconazole

45
Q

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Odynophagia, trismus

46
Q

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) FIRST INVESTIGATION

A
  1. Throat Swab
47
Q

Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) TREATMENT
(2):

A

1.Incision and drainage
2.Intubation if symptoms of affected airway (Epiglotitis, wheezing)

48
Q

Strep Tonsillopharyngitis CLINICAL FEATURES

A

Fever>38, sore throat, no cough, tender neck glands, white spots

49
Q

Strep Tonsillopharyngitis TREATMENT

A

PCN oral for 10 days (Roxithromycin if allergic)

AMC Flashcards (39 decks)

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